Arguable ethnic group
Ethnic group
White Southerners, Southrons 69.7 million (58.2% of the total population of the Southern US) (2020) Southern United States , Upland South , Appalachia , Little Dixie (Missouri) , Little Dixie (Oklahoma) , Americana, São Paulo , and the historical Confederate settlements in British Honduras Predominately varieties of Southern and General American English , with minorities of Spanish , Louisiana French , other European languages , and Semitic languages . Protestantism , minority Catholicism and Judaism [2] Other White Americans , African-Americans , Indigenous peoples of the Southeast , White Caribbeans , and White Bermudians .
Early use of white southerner
White Southerners are White Americans from the Southern United States , primarily originating from the various waves of Northwestern and Southern European immigration to the region beginning in the 16th century to the British Southern colonies , French Louisiana , the Spanish-American colonies ; and the subsequent waves of immigration from Northwestern Europe ,[3] [4] Central Europe ,[5] [6] Eastern Europe ,[7] [8] Southern Europe ,[9] [10] the Caribbean ,[11] [12] Latin America ,[13] [14] and the Levant .[15] [16] A semi-uniform white Southern identity coalesced during the Reconstruction era partially to enforce white supremacism in the region. Due to post-Civil War migrations and assimilation, many white Southerners can trace their ancestry to multiple different ethno-cultural communities in the region.[17]
Many free blacks in the South assimilated into the white population.[18] [19] [20] [21] According to a 2014 study, about 10% of self-identified White Southerners have African ancestry, compared to 3.5% of White Americans in general.[22] [23]
^ "Race and Ethnicity in the South (Region)" .
^ "Religious Landscape Study" .
^ Gleeson, David T. (2001). The Irish in the South, 1815-1877 . Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4968-2 . [page needed ]
^ Bozeman, Summer (2018-02-27). "Dive Into Savannah's Irish History | Visit Savannah" . visitsavannah.com . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ "Ungesund: Yellow Fever, the Antebellum Gulf South, and German Immigration" . Southern Spaces . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ "Polish Texans: the History of Texas Polonia" . Kuryer Polski . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ Bugbee, Elizabeth. "are you wendish? – Smithsonian Affiliations" . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ "Croatian arrivals [also see Biloxi Families] | Biloxi Historical Society" . biloxihistoricalsociety.org . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ Stowers, Mark H. "Delta Italians – A Marker for an Incredible Heritage" . The Clarion-Ledger . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ SCMHA (2012-10-15). "Italians Arrive" . St. Charles Parish, Louisiana Virtual History Museum . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ "Capturing the 'Conch People' in Florida" . Florida Historical Society .
^ Dessens, Nathalie (May 2021). "The Refugees from Saint-Domingue in New Orleans" . Bibliothèque nationale de France .
^ "Black Migration in a White City: Power, Privilege, and Exclusion in Cuban America | RSF" . www.russellsage.org . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ Gershon, Livia (21 January 2024). "How Jim Crow Divided Florida's Cubans" . JSTOR Daily .
^ Habeeb, William Mark. "Lebanese and Syrians" . Mississippi Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ "Delta Lebanese | Southern Foodways Alliance - Southern Foodways Alliance" . 2010-07-26. Retrieved 2024-05-27 .
^ Watts, Trent A. (2010). One Homogeneous People: Narratives of White Southern Identity, 1890–1920 . Univ. of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-1-57233-743-5 . [page needed ]
^ Miller, Patricia (2022-02-03). "The Surprising Legal Career of Jane Webb" . Encyclopedia Virginia . Retrieved 2024-05-22 .
^ Neidenbach, Elizabeth Clark (28 April 2011). "Free People of Color" . 64 Parishes .
^ Gates Jr, Henry Louis (8 July 2013). "Free Blacks Lived in the North, Right?" . The Root .
^ Frail, T. A. (18 February 2011). "The Invisible Line Between Black and White" . Smithsonian Magazine .
^ Christopher Ingraham (December 22, 2014). "A lot of Southern whites are a little bit black" . Washington Post .
^ Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 2015). "The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States" . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 96 (1): 37–53. doi :10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010 . PMC 4289685 . PMID 25529636 .