White Southerners

White Southerners, Southrons
This map reflects the Southern United States as defined by the Census Bureau.[citation needed]
Total population
69.7 million (58.2% of the total population of the Southern US) (2020)
Regions with significant populations
Southern United States, Upland South, Appalachia, Little Dixie (Missouri), and Little Dixie (Oklahoma)
Languages
Southern American English, Cajun English, Louisiana French, Texan English, Italian, Spanish, other languages of Europe
Religion
Protestantism, minority Catholicism and Judaism[2]
Related ethnic groups
Appalachian-Americans, Mountain white, Irish-Americans, Welsh-Americans, Scottish-Americans, Cornish-Americans, French-Americans, Scotch-Irish Americans, English-Americans, German-Americans, Shenandoah Germans, Okie, Old Stock Americans. Old Stock Canadians, Cajuns, Louisiana Creole people, Melungeon, White Americans in Texas, Black Southerners, Five Civilized Tribes
Early use of white southerner

White Southerners are White Americans from the Southern United States, primarily originating from the various waves of Northwestern and Southern European immigration to the region beginning in the 16th century to the British Southern colonies, French Louisiana, the Spanish-American colonies; and the subsequent waves of immigration from Northwestern Europe,[3][4] Central Europe,[5][6] Eastern Europe,[7][8] Southern Europe,[9][10] the Caribbean,[11][12] Latin America,[13][14] and the Levant.[15][16] A semi-uniform white Southern identity coalesced during the Reconstruction era partially to enforce white supremacism in the region. Due to post-Civil War migrations and assimilation, many white Southerners can trace their ancestry to multiple different ethno-cultural communities in the region.[17]

Many free blacks in the South assimilated into the white population.[18][19][20][21] According to a 2014 study, about 10% of self-identified White Southerners have African ancestry, compared to 3.5% of White Americans in general.[22][23]

  1. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the South (Region)".
  2. ^ "Religious Landscape Study".
  3. ^ Gleeson, David T. (2001). The Irish in the South, 1815-1877. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4968-2.[page needed]
  4. ^ Bozeman, Summer (2018-02-27). "Dive Into Savannah's Irish History | Visit Savannah". visitsavannah.com. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  5. ^ "Ungesund: Yellow Fever, the Antebellum Gulf South, and German Immigration". Southern Spaces. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  6. ^ "Polish Texans: the History of Texas Polonia". Kuryer Polski. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  7. ^ Bugbee, Elizabeth. "are you wendish? – Smithsonian Affiliations". Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  8. ^ "Croatian arrivals [also see Biloxi Families] | Biloxi Historical Society". biloxihistoricalsociety.org. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  9. ^ Stowers, Mark H. "Delta Italians – A Marker for an Incredible Heritage". The Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  10. ^ SCMHA (2012-10-15). "Italians Arrive". St. Charles Parish, Louisiana Virtual History Museum. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  11. ^ "Capturing the 'Conch People' in Florida". Florida Historical Society.
  12. ^ Dessens, Nathalie (May 2021). "The Refugees from Saint-Domingue in New Orleans". Bibliothèque nationale de France.
  13. ^ "Black Migration in a White City: Power, Privilege, and Exclusion in Cuban America | RSF". www.russellsage.org. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  14. ^ Gershon, Livia (21 January 2024). "How Jim Crow Divided Florida's Cubans". JSTOR Daily.
  15. ^ Habeeb, William Mark. "Lebanese and Syrians". Mississippi Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  16. ^ "Delta Lebanese | Southern Foodways Alliance - Southern Foodways Alliance". 2010-07-26. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  17. ^ Watts, Trent A. (2010). One Homogeneous People: Narratives of White Southern Identity, 1890–1920. Univ. of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-1-57233-743-5.[page needed]
  18. ^ Miller, Patricia (2022-02-03). "The Surprising Legal Career of Jane Webb". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  19. ^ Neidenbach, Elizabeth Clark (28 April 2011). "Free People of Color". 64 Parishes.
  20. ^ Gates Jr, Henry Louis (8 July 2013). "Free Blacks Lived in the North, Right?". The Root.
  21. ^ Frail, T. A. (18 February 2011). "The Invisible Line Between Black and White". Smithsonian Magazine.
  22. ^ Christopher Ingraham (December 22, 2014). "A lot of Southern whites are a little bit black". Washington Post.
  23. ^ Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 2015). "The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636.

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