White monopoly capital

White monopoly capital is a term that originated in South Africa and is often used to describe a perceived concentration of economic power and wealth among White South Africans. It suggests that a small number of white-owned businesses (in an oligopoly) dominate various sectors of the South African economy, thereby controlling significant resources and influencing economic policies to their advantage.^[1]

The term gained prominence during the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa and has continued to be debated and discussed in political and economic circles.^[2] Proponents of the concept argue that historical factors, such as apartheid policies that favored white individuals and businesses, have led to an enduring wealth inequality in South Africa. They believe that white-owned businesses continue to hold a disproportionate share of wealth and resources, impeding the economic empowerment of the majority black population.

Critics of the term, however, argue that it oversimplifies the complex dynamics of economic power and can perpetuate racial divisions. They argue that the South African economy has become more diversified since the end of apartheid, with significant Black Economic Empowerment initiatives and the rise of a black middle class. They also note that the concept of "white monopoly capital" fails to acknowledge the growing number of black-owned businesses and the role they play in the economy.