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| Whitman massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Cayuse War | |
 Dramatic depiction of the incident, from Eleven years in the Rocky Mountains and a life on the frontier by Frances Fuller Victor. | |
| Location | Waiilatpu mission, near Walla Walla, Washington |
| Coordinates | 46°02′32″N 118°27′51″W / 46.04222°N 118.46417°W |
| Date | November 29, 1847 |
| Deaths | 13 |
| Perpetrators | Tiloukaikt, Tomahas, Kiamsumpkin, Iaiachalakis, and Klokomas |
| Motive | The belief that Marcus Whitman was deliberately poisoning Native Americans infected with measles |
The Whitman massacre (also known as the Whitman killings and the Tragedy at Waiilatpu)[1][2] refers to the killing of American missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, along with eleven others, on November 29, 1847. They were killed by a small group of Cayuse men who accused Whitman of poisoning 200 Cayuse in his medical care during an outbreak of measles that included the Whitman household.[3] The killings occurred at the Whitman Mission at the junction of the Walla Walla River and Mill Creek in what is now southeastern Washington near Walla Walla. The massacre became a decisive episode in the U.S. settlement of the Pacific Northwest, causing the United States Congress to take action declaring the territorial status of the Oregon Country. The Oregon Territory was established on August 14, 1848, to protect the white settlers.
The massacre is usually ascribed to the inability of Whitman, a physician, to prevent the measles outbreak. Cayuse in at least three villages held Whitman responsible for the widespread epidemic that killed hundreds of Cayuse while leaving settlers comparatively unscathed. Some Cayuse accused settlers of poisoning them so they could take their land.[2][4] In the trial of five Cayuse accused of the killing, they used the defense that it was tribal law to kill the medicine man who gives bad medicine.[5]
Today, the Cayuse are one of three tribes comprising the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR).
- ^ "Whitman Mission" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
- ^ a b Tate, Cassandra (2020). Unsettled ground : the Whitman Massacre and its shifting legacy in the American West. Seattle, WA. ISBN 978-1-63217-250-1. OCLC 1127788843.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Mann, Barbara Alice (2009). The Tainted Gift: The Disease Method of Frontier Expansion. ABC Clio.
- ^ Harden, Blaine (July 15, 2021). "The fraud that inspired the settling of the Pacific Northwest". Columbia Insight. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
sos.oregon.govwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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