Wiggers diagram

A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century.^[1][2] In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid:

• Blood pressure
  • Aortic pressure
  • Ventricular pressure
  • Atrial pressure
• Ventricular volume
• Electrocardiogram
• Arterial flow (optional)
• Heart sounds (optional)

The Wiggers diagram clearly illustrates the coordinated variation of these values as the heart beats, assisting one in understanding the entire cardiac cycle.^[1]