Back Guillem el Mariscal Catalan Vilém Maréchal Czech William Marshal, Iarll 1af Penfro Welsh William Marshal, 1. jarl af Pembroke Danish William Marshal, 1. Earl of Pembroke German Vilhelmo Marshal (1-a grafo de Pembroke) Esperanto Guillermo el Mariscal Spanish William Marshal, esimene Pembroke'i krahv Estonian William Marshal (Pembroken 1. jaarli) Finnish Guillaume le Maréchal French
William Marshal | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Pembroke | |
 Possible tomb effigy of William Marshal in Temple Church, London | |
| Born | 1146 or 1147 |
| Died | 14 May 1219 (aged 72) Caversham, Oxfordshire,[a] England |
| Buried | Temple Church, London |
| Noble family | Marshal |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Father | John Marshal |
| Mother | Sybilla of Salisbury |
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame li Mareschal,[1] French: Guillaume le Maréchal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman during High Medieval England[2] who served five English kings of the Angevin Empire: Henry II and his son and de jure co-ruler Young King Henry, Richard I, John, and finally John's son Henry III.
Knighted in 1166, William Marshal spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament competitor; Stephen Langton eulogised him as the "best knight that ever lived."[3] In 1189, he became the de facto earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel de Clare, whose parents were Aoife MacMurrough and Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. The title of earl was not officially granted until 1199, and is considered to be the second creation of the Pembroke earldom. In 1216, he was appointed protector for the nine-year-old Henry III and regent of the kingdom. Just before his death, he fulfilled a promise he said he made in his youth while on crusade by taking vows as a Knight Templar, and was buried in the Temple Church in London.
Before him, his father's family held a hereditary title of Marshal to the King, which by his father's time had become recognised as a chief or master Marshalcy, involving management over other Marshals and functionaries. William became known as "the Marshal", although by his time much of the function was delegated to more specialised representatives (as happened with other functions in the King's household). Because he was an earl, and also known as the marshal, the term "earl marshal" was commonly used and this later became an established hereditary title in the English peerage.[4]
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- ^ Crouch p.226 writes: "From his earliest appearances in the History, William son of John Marshal is invariably William li Mareschal, or often just li Mareschal."
- ^ Kingsford 1893.
- ^ Painter 1933, p. 289
- ^ Crouch (2016) Appendix II
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