Parts of this article (those related to events after the Taliban return to power) need to be updated.(August 2020) |
General Statistics | |
---|---|
Maternal mortality (per 100,000) | 152 (2020) |
Women in parliament | 0.0% (2022) |
Women over 25 with secondary education | 30% (2018) |
Women in labour force | 21.62% (2020)[1] |
Gender Inequality Index[2] | |
Value | 0.678 (2021) |
Rank | 167th out of 191 |
Global Gender Gap Index[3] | |
Value | 0.435 (2022) |
Rank | 146th out of 146 |
Women's rights in Afghanistan have oscillated back and forth depending on the time period as well as the regime in power. After King Amanullah Khan's attempts to modernize the country in the 1920s, women officially gained equality under the 1964 Constitution.[4] However, these rights were taken away in the 1990s through different temporary rulers such as the mujahideen and the Taliban during the Afghan civil war. During the first Taliban regime (1996–2001), women had very little to no freedom, specifically in terms of civil liberties. When the Taliban was overthrown by the United States following the September 11 attacks, women's rights gradually improved under the presidential Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.[5][6][7][8][9] Women were de jure equal to men under the 2004 Constitution.[10][11][12]
After the Taliban seized power again in August 2021, it imposed severe restrictions on women. Women are barred from traveling more than 70 kilometres (40 mi) without a close male relative and mandated to wear face coverings in public in a way which reveals only their eyes. They are not allowed to work in most sectors outside of health and education. They are banned from studying in secondary schools and universities. Women are severely restricted from public spaces in the country as they are not allowed in parks and gyms, and the country's beauty salons, mostly run by women, were ordered to be shut down by the government in July 2023.[13][14][15][16]
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