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World government is the concept of a single political authority with jurisdiction over all of Earth and humanity. It is conceived in a variety of forms, from tyrannical to democratic, which reflects its wide array of proponents and detractors.[1][2]
A world government with executive, legislative, and judicial functions and an administrative apparatus has never existed. The inception of the United Nations (UN) in the mid-20th century remains the closest approximation to a world government,[3] although it lacks the enforcement powers and authority of a typical national government. Nevertheless, the organization is commonly viewed as either a model for, or preliminary step towards, a global government.[4][5]
The concept of universal governance has existed since antiquity and been the subject of discussion, debate, and even advocacy by some kings, philosophers, religious leaders, and secular humanists.[1] Some of these individuals have proposed world government is a natural and inevitable outcome of human social evolution, and interest in it has coincided with increasing globalization and those societal trends resulting from or associated with it.[6] Proponents have suggested it would provide a solution to problems that stem from anarchy in the international system, as well as enable collective solutions to global problems.[6][7] Opponents of world government, who come from a broad political spectrum, view the concept as a tool for violent totalitarianism, unfeasible, or simply unnecessary.[1][8][9][7]
- ^ a b c Lu 2021.
- ^ Deudney, Daniel H. (2007). Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory from the Polis to the Global Village. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11901-4.
- ^ Rawls 1999, p. 36.
- ^ Clark & Sohn 1962.
- ^ Falk 1995, p. 207.
- ^ a b Archibugi 2008.
- ^ a b Abramson, Scott F; Awad, Emiel; Kenkel, Brenton (2025). "Designing Political Order". World Politics. 77 (1): 1–37. ISSN 1086-3338.
- ^ Kennedy, Paul. (2006.) The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-375-50165-4
- ^ Wight 1991, pp. 7–24.
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