Zinc oxide

Zinc oxide
Names
	Other names Zinc white, calamine, philosopher's wool, Chinese white, flowers of zinc
Identifiers
CAS Number	1314-13-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:36560 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3988900 ;
ChemSpider	14122 ;
DrugBank	DB09321;
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.839
EC Number	215-222-5;
Gmelin Reference	13738
KEGG	C12570;
PubChem CID	14806;
RTECS number	ZH4810000;
UNII	SOI2LOH54Z ;
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7035016 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/O.Zn Key: XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES [Zn]=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	ZnO
Molar mass	81.406 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	5.6 g/cm3
Melting point	1,974 °C (3,585 °F; 2,247 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point	2,360 °C (4,280 °F; 2,630 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	0.0004% (17.8°C)
Band gap	3.2 eV (direct)
Electron mobility	180 cm2/(V·s)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−27.2·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity	0.6 W/(cm·K)
Refractive index (nD)	n1=2.013, n2=2.029
Structure
Crystal structure	Wurtzite
Space group	C6v4-P63mc
Lattice constant	a = 3.2495 Å, c = 5.2069 Å
Formula units (Z)	2
Coordination geometry	Tetrahedral
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	40.3 J·K−1mol−1
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	43.65±0.40 J·K−1mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-350.46±0.27 kJ mol−1
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	-320.5 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy of fusion (ΔfH⦵fus)	70 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATCvet code	QA07XA91 (WHO)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H400, H401
Precautionary statements	P273, P391, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	1,436 °C (2,617 °F; 1,709 K)
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	240 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, rat); 7950 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	2500 mg/m3 (mouse)
LCLo (lowest published)	2500 mg/m3 (guinea pig, 3–4 h)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 5 mg/m3 (fume) TWA 15 mg/m3 (total dust) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp dust)
REL (Recommended)	Dust: TWA 5 mg/m3 C 15 mg/m3; Fume: TWA 5 mg/m3 ST 10 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	500 mg/m3
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0208
Related compounds
Other anions	Zinc sulfide; Zinc selenide; Zinc telluride
Other cations	Cadmium oxide; Mercury(II) oxide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn O. It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants,^[12] paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, semi conductors,^[13] and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.^[14]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haynes, pp. 4.95, 12.80
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0675". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b Haynes, pp. 12.85, 12.89
^ Haynes, p. 4.131
^ Haynes, p. 12.80
^ Haynes, pp. 4.138, 10.251
^ Cite error: The named reference melt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Haynes, p. 4.145
^ Haynes, pp. 5.2, 5.42, 6.163
^ Zinc oxide. Chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2015-11-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Zinc oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Cite error: The named reference wear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Özgür Ü, Alivov YI, Liu C, Teke A, Reshchikov M, Doğan S, Avrutin VC, Cho SJ, Morkoç AH (2005). "A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices". Journal of Applied Physics. 98 (4): 041301–041301–103. Bibcode:2005JAP....98d1301O. doi:10.1063/1.1992666.
^ De Liedekerke M (2006). "2.3. Zinc Oxide (Zinc White): Pigments, Inorganic, 1". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2.

[h1-1] Haynes, pp. 4.95, 12.80

[PGCH-2] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0675". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[h1285-3] Haynes, pp. 12.85, 12.89

[4] Haynes, p. 4.131

[5] Haynes, p. 12.80

[6] Haynes, pp. 4.138, 10.251

[melt-7] Cite error: The named reference melt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] Haynes, p. 4.145

[9] Haynes, pp. 5.2, 5.42, 6.163

[10] Zinc oxide. Chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2015-11-17.

[IDLH-11] "Zinc oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[wear-12] Cite error: The named reference wear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ozgur-13] Özgür Ü, Alivov YI, Liu C, Teke A, Reshchikov M, Doğan S, Avrutin VC, Cho SJ, Morkoç AH (2005). "A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices". Journal of Applied Physics. 98 (4): 041301–041301–103. Bibcode:2005JAP....98d1301O. doi:10.1063/1.1992666.

[Ullmann-14] De Liedekerke M (2006). "2.3. Zinc Oxide (Zinc White): Pigments, Inorganic, 1". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2.

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