Sionismo

El sionismo es una ideología y un movimiento político nacionalista que propuso desde sus inicios el establecimiento de un Estado para el pueblo judío en Palestina, una región que corresponde a la antigua Tierra de Israel (Eretz Israel) en la cultura judía.^[1]​^[2]​^[3]​ Dicho movimiento fue el promotor y responsable en gran medida de la fundación del Estado de Israel y, desde su consecución, se centra en la defensa y apoyo al mantenimiento de su existencia.^[4]​

El sionismo apareció en Europa central y oriental a finales del siglo XIX. Su fundador en tanto que movimiento organizado fue el periodista austrohúngaro de origen judío Theodor Herzl como respuesta a la ola antisemita que recorrió Europa en esos años, uno de cuyos exponentes fue el affaire Dreyfus.^[5]​ El movimiento tuvo como objetivo fomentar la emigración judía a Palestina y alcanzó su objetivo principal con la fundación del Estado de Israel en 1948.

El sionismo constituye una rama del fenómeno más amplio del nacionalismo moderno.^[6]​^[7]​ Descrito como un "nacionalismo en la diáspora" y opuesto al asimilacionismo,^[8]​ el sionismo se autodefine como un movimiento de liberación nacional,^[9]​ cuyo objetivo es la libre autodeterminación del pueblo judío.

1. ↑ Dieckhoff, Alain (2019). «Qu'est-ce que l'antisionisme?». Les Collections de L’Histoire (en francés) (83): 81. «El término sionismo nació en los años 1880 para designar el movimiento nacional judío aparecido en Europa central y oriental, cuyo objetivo era dar un hogar nacional al pueblo judío. Es a la vez un movimiento político y una ideología cuyo objetivo era crear un Estado». 
2. ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/657475/Zionism# "An international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national or religious community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel." ("Zionism," Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary). See also "Zionism", Encyclopedia Britannica, which describes it as a "Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews (Hebrew: Eretz Yisra'el, “the Land of Israel”)," and The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, which defines it as "A Jewish movement that arose in the late 19th century in response to growing anti-Semitism and sought to reestablish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Modern Zionism is concerned with the support and development of the state of Israel."
3. ↑ http://noticias.r7.com/internacional/ministro-de-netanyahu-pede-votos-para-qualquer-partido-sionista-17032015
4. ↑ Real Academia Española. «sionismo». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición). 
5. ↑ Dieckhoff, Alain (2019). «Qu'est-ce que l'antisionisme?». Les Collections de L’Histoire (en francés) (83): 81. 
6. ↑ Naciones y nacionalismo desde 1780, Eric Hobsbawm, Crítica, 2004, ISBN 84-8432-135-5, p. 120.
7. ↑ A.R. Taylor, Vision and intent in Zionist Thought, en The transformation of Palestine, I. Abu-Lughod (ed.), 1971, ISBN 0-8101-0345-1, p. 10.
8. ↑ Nations and Nationalism, Ernest Gellner, Cornell University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-8014-9263-7, p 107-108.
9. ↑ A national liberation movement:
   • "Zionism is a modern national liberation movement whose roots go far back to Biblical times." (Rockaway, Robert. Zionism: The National Liberation Movement of The Jewish People, World Zionist Organization, January 21, 1975, accessed August 17, 2006).
   • "The aim of Zionism was principally the liberation and self-determination of the Jewish people...", Shlomo Avineri. (Zionism as a Movement of National Liberation, Hagshama department of the World Zionist Organization, December 12, 2003, accessed August 17, 2006).
   • "Political Zionism, the national liberation movement of the Jewish people, emerged in the 19th century within the context of the liberal nationalism then sweeping through Europe." (Neuberger, Binyamin. Zionism - an Introduction, Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August 20, 2001, accessed August 17, 2006).
   • "The vicious diatribes on Zionism voiced here by Arab delegates may give this Assembly the wrong impression that while the rest of the world supported the Jewish national liberation movement the Arab world was always hostile to Zionism." (Chaim Herzog, Statement in the General Assembly by Ambassador Herzog on the item "Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination", 10 November 1975., Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, November 11, 1975, accessed August 17, 2006).
   • Zionism: one of the earliest examples of a national liberation movement Archivado el 3 de junio de 2008 en Wayback Machine., written submission by the World Union for Progressive Judaism to the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Sixtieth session, Item 5 and 9 of the provisional agenda, January 27, 2004, accessed August 17, 2006.
   • "Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people and the state of Israel is its political expression." (Avi Shlaim, A debate : Is Zionism today the real enemy of the Jews?, International Herald Tribune, February 4, 2005, accessed August 17, 2006.
   • "But Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people." (Philips, Melanie. Zionism today is the real enemy of the Jews’: opposed by Melanie Phillips, www.melaniephilips.com, accessed August 17, 2006.
   • "Zionism, the national liberation movement of the Jewish people, brought about the establishment of the State of Israel, and views a Jewish, Zionist, democratic and secure State of Israel to be the expression of the common responsibility of the Jewish people for its continuity and future." (What is Zionism (The Jerusalem Program) Archivado el 22 de enero de 2009 en Wayback Machine., Hadassah, accessed August 17, 2006.
   • "Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people." (Harris, Rob. Ireland's Zionist slurs like Iran, says Israel, Jewish Telegraph, December 16, 2005, accessed August 17, 2006.