Liste des souverains ottomans

	Sultan de l'Empire ottoman; Osmanlı padişahları
Création	27 juillet 1299
Titre	Sultan; Calife
Abrogation	1er novembre 1922
Premier titulaire	Osman Ier
Dernier titulaire	Mehmed VI
Résidence officielle	Palais de Topkapı (1460-1853); Palais de Yıldız (1889–1909); Palais de Dolmabahçe (1853–1889 et 1909–1922)
	modifier

La liste des sultans de l'Empire ottoman (turc : Osmanlı padişahları), réunit les trente-six souverains de l'Empire ottoman, de sa fondation à la fin du XIII^e siècle à sa disparition au début du XX^e siècle. Ils appartiennent tous à la dynastie ottomane, issue du fondateur de l'empire, Osman. À partir de 1517, ils détiennent également le titre de calife.

Ils ont régné sur l'empire transcontinental depuis sa création perçue en 1299 jusqu'à sa dissolution en 1922. À son apogée, l'Empire ottoman s'étendait de la Hongrie au nord au Yémen au sud, et de l'Algérie à l'ouest à l'Irak à l'est. Administrée d'abord depuis la ville de Söğüt depuis avant 1281 puis depuis la ville de Bursa depuis 1326, la capitale de l'empire a été déplacée à Andrinople (maintenant connu sous le nom d'Edirne en français) en 1363 à la suite de sa conquête par Mourad Ier, puis à Constantinople (aujourd'hui Istanbul) en 1453 à la suite de sa conquête par Mehmed II^[1].

Les premières années de l'Empire ottoman ont fait l'objet de récits variés en raison de la difficulté de discerner les faits de la légende. L'empire a vu le jour à la fin du XIII^e siècle et son premier souverain (et l'homonyme de l'Empire) était Osman I^er. Selon la tradition ottomane ultérieure, Osman était un descendant de la tribu Kayı des Turcs oghouz^[2]. La dynastie ottomane éponyme qu'il a fondée a duré six siècles à travers les règnes de 36 sultans. L'Empire ottoman a disparu à la suite de la défaite des puissances centrales avec lesquelles il s'était allié pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Le partage de l'Empire par les Alliés victorieux et la guerre d'indépendance turque qui s'ensuivit conduisirent à l'abolition du sultanat en 1922 et la naissance de la République moderne de Turquie en 1923^[3].

↑ Stavrides 2001, p. 21
↑
Cemal Kafadar, Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State, 1995, p. 122 :
« That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it. »
- Heath Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, SUNY Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-7914-5636-6), p. 78 :
  « Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that... »
- Rudi Paul Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia, Indiana University Press, 1983, p. 10 :
  « In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe. Without a proven genealogy, or even without evidence of sufficient care to produce a single genealogy to be presented to all the court chroniclers, there obviously could be no tribe; thus, the tribe was not a factor in early Ottoman history. »
↑ Glazer 1996, "War of Independence"

[1] Stavrides 2001, p. 21

[2] Cemal Kafadar, Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State, 1995, p. 122 :
« That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it. »

Heath Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, SUNY Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-7914-5636-6), p. 78 :
« Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that... »

Rudi Paul Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia, Indiana University Press, 1983, p. 10 :
« In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe. Without a proven genealogy, or even without evidence of sufficient care to produce a single genealogy to be presented to all the court chroniclers, there obviously could be no tribe; thus, the tribe was not a factor in early Ottoman history. »

[3] Heath Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, SUNY Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-7914-5636-6), p. 78 :
« Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that... »

[4] Rudi Paul Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia, Indiana University Press, 1983, p. 10 :
« In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe. Without a proven genealogy, or even without evidence of sufficient care to produce a single genealogy to be presented to all the court chroniclers, there obviously could be no tribe; thus, the tribe was not a factor in early Ottoman history. »

[3] Glazer 1996, "War of Independence"

[1]

[2]

[3]

Sultan de l'Empire ottoman Osmanlı padişahları


Création	27 juillet 1299
Titre	Sultan Calife
Abrogation	1^er novembre 1922
Premier titulaire	Osman I^er
Dernier titulaire	Mehmed VI
Résidence officielle	Palais de Topkapı (1460-1853) Palais de Yıldız (1889–1909) Palais de Dolmabahçe (1853–1889 et 1909–1922)
modifier