Harsuna Gbe

eeHarsuna Gbe (mai suna [ɡ͡bè]) sun samar da tarin harsuna kusan ashirin da suka danganci yankin tsakanin gabashin Ghana da yammacin Najeriya. Adadin masu magana da yarukan Gbe yana tsakanin miliyan huɗu zuwa takwas. Harshen Gbe da aka fi magana da shi shine Ewe (masu magana su miliyan 10.3 a Ghana da Togo), sannan Fon (miliyan 5, galibi a Benin). An sanya harsunan Gbe a cikin reshen Kwa na yarukan Nijar-Congo, amma kwanan nan an rarraba su a matsayin yarukan Volta-Niger. Sun hada da manyan rukuni biyar na yare: Ewe, Fon, Aja, Gen (Mina), Gun da Phla-Pherá .

Yawancin mutanen Gbe sun zo ne daga gabas zuwa wuraren zama na yanzu a cikin ƙaura da yawa tsakanin karni na goma da goma sha biyar. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Phla-Pherá duk da haka ana zaton su ne ainihin mazaunan yankin waɗanda suka haɗu da baƙi na Gbe, kuma mutanen Gen tabbas sun samo asali ne daga Mutanen Ga-Adangbe a Ghana. A ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha takwas, an bautar da masu magana da Gbe da yawa kuma an kai su Sabon Duniya: an yi imanin cewa harsunan Gbe sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin asalin harsunan Caribbean da yawa, musamman Haitian Creole.

A kusa da 1840, masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Jamus sun fara binciken harshe a cikin yarukan Gbe. A farkon rabin karni na ashirin, masanin Afirka Diedrich Hermann Westermann yana daya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa ga nazarin Gbe. H.B. Capo ne ya buga rarrabuwa ta farko ta cikin gida na yarukan Gbe a shekarar 1988, sannan ya biyo bayan kwatankwacin sauti a shekarar 1991. Harsunan Gbe sune tonal, harsuna masu warewa kuma tsari na asali shine batun-kalma-abu.

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gbee1241 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.