Mulkin Soja

Mulkin Soja
form of government (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	military government (en) , junta (en) da command (en)

Mulkin Soja gwamnati ce ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugabannin sojoji.^[1] Yanzu ana amfani da kalmar don yin nuni ga tsarin mulkin kama-karya dake kama da mulkin kama-karya na soja na oligarchic, kamar yadda aka bambanta da sauran nau'ikan mulkin kama-karya, musamman mai ƙarfi (mulkin mulkin kama-karya na soja); na'ura ( jam'iyyar kama-karya ta oligarchic ); da mulkin kama-karya ( mulkin kama-karya na jam’iyya). ^[2]

Junta ya kan hau karagar mulki sakamakon juyin mulki . ^[1] Gwamnatin mulkin soja na iya ko dai ta dauki madafun iko a matsayin hukumar mulkin kasa, tare da ikon yin mulki ta hanyar doka, ko kuma tana iya yin amfani da iko ta hanyar amfani da iko (amma na yau da kullun) akan gwamnatin farar hula. ^[3] Wadannan nau'o'i biyu na mulkin mulkin soja wani lokaci ana kiran su budaddiyar mulki da mulkin kamawa . ^[4] Ƙa'idar ɓarna na iya ɗaukar nau'in ko dai na wayewa ko mulkin kai tsaye . ^[4] Wayewa yana faruwa ne lokacin da mulkin soja ya ƙare a fili a fili na soja, amma ya ci gaba da mamaye shi. ^[4] Misali, mulkin soja na iya kawo karshen dokar soji, barin kakin soja don neman farar hula, "mallaka" gwamnati tare da tsoffin jami'an soja, da yin amfani da jam'iyyun siyasa ko ƙungiyoyin jama'a. ^[5] "Dokar kai tsaye" ta ƙunshi ƙoƙarin da gwamnatin mulkin soja ke yi na ɓoyayye, a bayan fage a kan ɗan tsana farar hula . ^[4] Tsarin mulki na kai tsaye na sojoji na iya haɗawa da ko dai babban iko a kan gwamnati ko kuma kula da wasu yankuna masu kunkuntar, kamar batutuwan soja ko tsaro na ƙasa . ^[4]

A cikin karni na 20, ana yawan ganin sojojin soja a Latin Amurka, yawanci a cikin nau'i na "cikakkun hukumomi, manyan kamfanoni / ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru" wanda manyan hafsoshin soja na sassan soja daban-daban (sojoji, sojan ruwa, da sojojin sama ) ke jagoranta, kuma a wasu lokuta shugaban 'yan sanda na kasa ko wasu manyan jami'o'i. ^[3] Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Samuel Finer, a rubuce a cikin 1988, ya lura cewa juntas a Latin Amurka sun kasance sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da juntas a wasu wurare; mulkin soja na tsakiya yana da mambobi 11, yayin da juntas na Latin Amurka ke da uku ko hudu. ^[3] An bambanta juyin mulkin soja na "kamfanoni" da juyin mulkin soja na "bangi". Na farko dai sojoji ne ke aiwatar da su a matsayin cibiya, karkashin jagorancin manyan kwamandojin da ke kan manyan mukamai na soja, na biyu kuma suna gudanar da wani bangare na rundunar ne kuma galibin manyan hafsoshi ne ke jagorantar su. ^{[3] [6]}

Wani bincike na shekara ta 2014 da aka buga a mujallar Nazarin Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Shekara-shekara ya gano cewa gwamnatocin soja sun nuna hali daban da na farar hula na kama-karya da na sojan mulkin kama karya. Gungun manyan hafsoshi ne ke mulkin mulkin soja, yayin da wani mai mulkin kama-karya daya ke mulkin soja. Binciken ya gano cewa (1) "masu karfi da gwamnatocin sojoji sun fi fuskantar take hakkin bil'adama da kuma shiga cikin yakin basasa fiye da mulkin kama-karya na farar hula"; (2) "Jaruman soja sun fara yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya fiye da gwamnatocin soja ko masu mulkin kama-karya, watakila saboda suna da ƙarin dalilin tsoron gudun hijira, kurkuku, ko kisan gilla" da (3) gwamnatocin soja da mulkin kama-karya na farar hula sun fi kusan ƙarewa a cikin tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya, ya bambanta da mulkin sojan soja, wanda sau da yawa ya ƙare ta hanyar tawaye, tashin hankalin jama'a, ko kuma a cikin tawaye.

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Junta, Encyclopædia Britannica (last updated 1998).
2. ↑ Empty citation (help)
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3} Paul Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes (Palgrave Macmillan: 2d ed. 2009), pp. 148-150.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4} Paul Brooker, Comparative Politics (ed. Daniele Caramani: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 101-102.
5. ↑ Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes (2d ed.), p. 153.
6. ↑ David Kuehn, "Democratic Control of the Military" in Handbook of the Sociology of the Military (eds. Giuseppe Caforio & Marina Nuciari: Springer, 2nd ed.), p. 164.