Shan taba

shan taba
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	smoking (en)
Adadin mutanen Aljeriya	prevalence of tobacco consumption (en)

  Shan taba wani aiki ne wanda ake ƙonewa wani abu kuma ana shan hayaki da ya haifar don a ɗanɗana shi kuma a sha shi cikin jini mutum. Mafi yawanci, abin da aka yi amfani da shi shine busassun ganye na shuka na taba, wanda aka mirgine shi da karamin rectangle na takarda a cikin wani dogon silinda da ake kira sigari. Sauran nau'ikan shan sigari sun haɗa da amfani da bututun shan sigari ko bong.

Ana amfani da shan sigari da farko a matsayin hanyar gudanarwa don sunadarai masu aiki saboda abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin tsire-tsire da aka bushe sun bar su kuma ana iya isar da su cikin iska a cikin hanyar numfashi, inda suke da sauri a cikin jini na huhu sannan su isa tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Game da shan taba sigari, waɗannan abubuwa masu aiki sune cakuda ƙwayoyin aerosol wanda ya haɗa da alkaloid nicotine mai aiki a cikin magunguna, wanda ke motsa masu karɓar nicotinic acetylcholine a cikin kwakwalwa. Sauran sanannun abubuwa masu aiki da ake sha ta hanyar shan sigari sun haɗa da tetrahydrocannabinol (daga wiwi), morphine (daga opium) da cocaine (daga crack).

Shan taba yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi sani da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Shan taba shine mafi mashahuriyar hanyar, ana yin sa da mutane sama da biliyan daya a duniya, wadanda mafi yawansu suna cikin Kasashe masu tasowa.^[1] Magunguna da ba a saba amfani da su ba don shan sigari sun haɗa da wiwi da opium. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan an rarraba su a matsayin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, kamar heroin, amma amfani da waɗannan yana da iyaka sosai saboda yawanci ba sa samuwa a kasuwanci. Ana yin sigari da farko a masana'antu amma kuma ana iya mirgine su da hannu daga taba da takarda mai juyawa. Sauran kayan aikin shan sigari sun haɗa da bututu, sigari, bidis, hookahs, da bongs.

Shan taba yana da mummunar tasirin kiwon lafiya, saboda numfashi na hayaki yana haifar da ƙalubale ga matakai daban-daban na jiki kamar numfashi. Shan taba yana daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka da yawa kamar ciwon huhu, ciwon zuciya, COPD, dysfunction erectile, da lahani na haihuwa.^[1] An nuna cututtukan da suka shafi shan taba suna kashe kusan rabin masu shan taba na dogon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin yawan mace-mace da wadanda ba masu shan taba ba ke fuskanta. Shan taba ya haifar da mutuwar mutane sama da miliyan biyar a kowace shekara daga 1990 zuwa 2015.^[2] Wadanda ba masu shan sigari suna da asusun mutuwar 600,000 a duniya saboda hayaki na biyu.^[3] Hadarin lafiyar shan sigari ya sa kasashe da yawa su kafa haraji mai yawa a kan kayayyakin taba, su buga tallace-tallace don hana amfani, su iyakance tallace-tafiye da ke inganta amfani, da kuma ba da taimako tare da barin waɗanda ke shan sigari.^[1]

Ana iya yin amfani da taba sigari tun farkon 5000 KZ, kuma an rubuta shi a al'adu daban-daban a duk faɗin duniya. Shan taba na farko ya samo asali ne tare da bukukuwan addini; a matsayin hadayu ga alloli; a cikin al'adun tsaftacewa; ko kuma don ba da damar shamans da firistoci su canza tunaninsu don dalilai na duba ko haskakawa ta ruhaniya. Bayan binciken Turai da cin nasara a Amurka, aikin shan taba da sauri ya bazu zuwa sauran duniya. A yankuna kamar Indiya da Afirka ta Kudu, ya haɗu da ayyukan shan sigari (yawanci na wiwi). A Turai, ya gabatar da sabon nau'in ayyukan zamantakewa da kuma wani nau'in shan miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda a baya ba a sani ba.

Ra'ayi game da shan sigari ya bambanta a tsawon lokaci kuma daga wuri zuwa wani: mai tsarki da zunubi, mai rikitarwa da rashin mutunci, haɗari mai haɗari da haɗarin lafiya. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata na karni na 20, ana kallon shan sigari a cikin mummunan haske, musamman a kasashen Yamma.

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} "Tobacco Fact sheet N°339". May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2015. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WHO2014" defined multiple times with different content
2. ↑ Reitsma, Marissa B; Fullman, Nancy; Ng, Marie; Salama, Joseph S; Abajobir, Amanuel (April 2017). "Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". The Lancet. 389 (10082): 1885–906. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X. PMC 5439023. PMID 28390697.
3. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (23 May 2013). "Smoking". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2020.