Έλληνες | |
---|---|
Jumlah populasi | |
ca 14–17 juta[1][2] | |
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
Yunani 9.903.268[3][4] (sensus 2011) Siprus 659.115–721.000[5][6][7][8] (sensus 2011) | |
Amerika Serikat | 1.279.000–3.000.000a (estimasi 2016)[9][10] |
Jerman | 449.000b (estimasi 2021)[11] |
Australia | 424.744 (sensus 2021)[12] |
Inggris Raya | 290.000–345.000 (estimasi 2011)[13] |
Kanada | 271.405c (sensus 2016)[14] |
Albania | 200.000 (estimasi ca 1990)[15] |
Selandia Baru | est. 2.478 hingga 10.000, kemungkinan mencapai 50.000[16] |
Afrika Selatan | 138.000 (estimasi 2011)[17] |
Italia | 110.000–200.000d (estimasi 2013)[18][19][20] |
Mesir | 110.000[21][22] |
Chili | 100.000[23] |
Ukraina | 91.000 (estimasi 2011)[24] |
Rusia | 85.640 (sensus 2010)[25] |
Brasil | 50.000e[26] |
Prancis | 35.000 (estimasi 2013)[27] |
Belgia | 35.000 (estimasi 2011)[28] |
Argentina | 20.000–30.000 (estimasi 2013)[29] |
Belanda | 28.856 (2021)[30][31] |
Bulgaria | 1.356 (sensus 2011)[32] hingga 28.500 (estimasi)[33] |
Uruguay | 25.000–28.000 (sensus 2011)[34] |
Swedia | 24.736 (sensus 2012)[35] |
Georgia | 15.000 (estimasi 2011)[36] |
Ceko | 12.000[37] |
Kazakhstan | 8.846 (estimasi 2011)[38] |
Swiss | 11.000 (estimasi 2015)[39] |
Rumania | 10.000 (estimasi 2013)[40] |
Uzbekistan | 9.500 (estimasi 2000)[41] |
Austria | 5.261[42] |
Hungaria | 4.454 (sensus 2016)[43] |
Turki | 4.000–49.143f[44][45] |
Bahasa | |
Yunani | |
Agama | |
Mayoritas Gereja Ortodoks Yunani | |
a Termasuk orang keturunan. b Termasuk orang dengan "akar kebudayaan". c Orang yang menyatakan asal etnis salah satunya "Yunani" di antara yang lain. Jumlah orang yang menyatakan asal etnis murni "Yunani" adalah 145.250. Selain itu 3.395 orang Siprus yang tidak menyatakan etnisitas tinggal di Kanada. dDiperkirakan 60.000 orang Griko dan 30.000 imigran pasca PD2. e "Termasuk keturunan". f Termasuk Yunani Muslim. |
Orang Yunani (bahasa Yunani: Έλληνες, Éllines [ˈelines]) adalah kelompok etnik dan bangsa yang berasal dari Yunani, Siprus, Albania selatan, Anatolia, beberapa bagian Italia dan Mesir, dan lebih sedikit di negara lain di sekitaran Laut Tengah bagian timur dan Laut Hitam. Kelompok etnik ini juga menghuni berbagai negara lain di dunia yang dikenal sebagai diaspora (omogenia).[46]
Dalam sejarah orang Yunani membangun tanah jajahan dan permukiman di pantai-pantai Laut Mediterania dan Laut Hitam, namun orang Yunani sendiri selalu berbasis di Laut Aegea dan Laut Ionia, tempat di mana bahasa Yunani sudah dituturkan sejak Zaman Perunggu.[47][48] Hingga awal abad ke-20, orang Yunani tersebar dari semenanjunv Yunani, pantai barat Asia Minor, pantai Laut Hitam, Kapadokia di Anatolia tengah, Mesir, Balkan, Siprus, dan Konstantinopel.[48] Banyak wilayah-wilayah ini sama dengan perbatasan Kekaisaran Bizantium pada akhir abad ke-11 dan area-area di Laut Tengah bagian timur pada zaman penjajahan Yunani kuno.[49] Pusat-pusat kebudayaan orang Yunani adalah di Athena, Tesalonika, Aleksandria, Smirna, dan Konstantinopel di periode yang berbeda.
Di zaman sekarang, kebanyakan orang Yunani tinggal di dalam perbatasan negara Yunani modern atau di Siprus. Genosida Yunani dan pertukaran penduduk antara Yunani dan Turki hampir menghapuskan keberadaan orang Yunani di Asia Minor yang sudah berlangsung tiga ribu tahun lamanya. Populasi Yunani lainnya yang sudah lama ada bisa ditemukan dari Italia bagian selatan hingga Kaukasus dan Rusia dan Ukraina bagian selatan dan masyarakat-masyarakat diaspora Yunani di sejumlah negara lain. Saat ini, kebanyakan orang Yunani terdaftar sebagai anggota Gereja Ortodoks Yunani.[50]
Orang Yunani banyak memengaruhi dan berkontribusi dalam budaya, seni visual, eksplorasi, seni pertunjukan, sastra, filsafat, etika, politik, arsitektur, musik, matematika,[51] kedokteran, sains, teknologi, perdagangan, masakan dan olahraga. Bahasa Yunani adalah bahasa hidup tertua yang tercatat[52] dan kosakatanya digunakan dalam banyak bahasa, salah satunya bahasa Inggris selain itu juga digunakan dalam nomenklatur sains internasional. Bahasa Yunani sejauh ini adalah lingua franca paling luas yang dituturkan di wilayah Laut Tengah sejak abad keempat SM dan Perjanjian Baru dalam Alkitab Kristen juga pada awalnya ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani.[53][54][55]
The Resident Population of Greece is 10.816.286, of which 5.303.223 male (49,0%) and 5.513.063 female (51,0%) ... The total number of permanent residents of Greece with foreign citizenship during the Census was 912.000. [See Graph 6: Resident Population by Citizenship]
[p. 5] The Census recorded 762.191 persons normally resident in Greece and without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of these, 48.560 are EU or EFTA nationals; there are also 17.426 Cypriots with privileged status.
Today, an estimated three million Americans resident in the United States claim Greek descent. This large, well-organized community cultivates close political and cultural ties with Greece.
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The Greek Italian community numbers some 30,000 and is concentrated mainly in central Italy. The age-old presence in Italy of Italians of Greek descent – dating back to Byzantine and Classical times – is attested to by the Griko dialect, which is still spoken in the Magna Graecia region. This historically Greek-speaking villages are Condofuri, Galliciano, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Bova and Bova Marina, which are in the Calabria region (the capital of which is Reggio). The Grecanic region, including Reggio, has a population of some 200,000, while speakers of the Griko dialect number fewer that 1,000 persons.
La popolazione complessiva dell'Unione è di 54278 residenti così distribuiti (Dati Istat al 31° dicembre 2005. Comune Popolazione Calimera 7351 Carpignano Salentino 3868 Castrignano dei Greci 4164 Corigliano d'Otranto 5762 Cutrofiano 9250 Martano 9588 Martignano 1784 Melpignano 2234 Soleto 5551 Sternatia 2583 Zollino 2143 Totale 54278).
There is a significant Greek presence in southern and eastern Ukraine, which can be traced back to ancient Greek and Byzantine settlers. Ukrainian citizens of Greek descent amount to 91,000 people, although their number is estimated to be much higher by the Federation of Greek communities of Mariupol.
Some 15,000 Greeks reside in the wider region of Paris, Lille and Lyon. In the region of Southern France, the Greek community numbers some 20,000.
Some 35,000 Greeks reside in Belgium. Official Belgian data numbers Greeks in the country at 17,000, but does not take into account Greeks who have taken Belgian citizenship or work for international organizations and enterprises.
It is estimated that some 20,000 to 30,000 persons of Greek origin currently reside in Argentina, and there are Greek communities in the wider region of Buenos Aires.
There are some 28,500 persons of Greek origin and citizenship residing in Bulgaria. This number includes approximately 15,000 Sarakatsani, 2,500 former political refugees, 8,000 "old Greeks", 2,000 university students and 1,000 professionals and their families.
The Greek community in Sweden consists of approximately 24,000 Greeks who are permanent inhabitants, included in Swedish society and active in various sectors: science, arts, literature, culture, media, education, business, and politics.
The Greek community of Georgia is currently estimated at 15,000 people, mostly elderly people living in the Tsalkas area.
There are between 10,000 and 12,000 ethnic Greeks living in Kazakhstan, organized in several communities.
The Greek community in Switzerland is estimated to number some 11,000 persons (of a total of 1.5 million foreigners residing in the country.
The Greek Romanian community numbers some 10,000, and there are many Greeks working in established Greek enterprises in Romania.
Currently there are about 9,500 Greeks living in Uzbekistan, with 6,500 living in Tashkent.
Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language.
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