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Graecia antiqua

Acropolis Athenarum.
Tabula Graeciae antiquae, anno 1741 ab Iohanne Christophoro Harenburg facta.
Graecia aetate belli Persici.
Graecia tempore Thebarum hegemoniae.

Graecia antiqua (Graece Ἑλλάς, Ἑλλάδος), qua cultura Europaea maxime imbuta est, fuit civilizatio tempore historico a saeculis obscuris Graecis saeculorum a duodecimo ad nonum usque ad finem antiquitatis classicae (circa annum 600). Sub hoc tempore erant initium Medii Aevi Primi et aevi Byzantini.[1] Saeculo octavo a.C.n., tria fere saecula post Graeciam Mycenaeanam collapsam, urbanae polites Graecae coalescere coeperunt, aevum archaicum et Graecam Pelvis Mediterraneae colonizationem instituentes. Tempus Graeciae Classicae insecutum est, aevum quod bellis Graeco-Persicis saeculorum quinti et quarti a.C.n. fiebat. Propter victorias Alexandri Magni Macedoniae, civilizatio Hellenistica ab Asia Media ad occidentalia Maris Mediterranei litora vigebat. Tempus Hellenisticum finivit post victorias Romanas, cum Res Publica Romana mundum Mediterranei orientalis in suam dicionem redigeret, Macedoniam provinciam Romanam in Graecia Romana primum constituens, antequam Imperium Romanum Achaeam provinciam constituit.

Classica cultura Graeca, praecipue philosophia, Romam antiquam magnopere movit, quae eam in bonam partem accipiens ad multas Pelvis Mediterraneae Europaeque Occidentalis regiones vicissim tulit. Qua pro causa, Graecia classica cultura seminalis latissime habetur, quae fundamenta quidem hodiernae culturae Occidentalis iecit et ergo incunabulum civilizationis Occidentalis erat.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

  1. ↑ Carol G. Thomas (1988). Paths from ancient Greece. Brill. pp. 27–50. ISBN 978-90-04-08846-7 
  2. ↑ Maura Ellyn; Maura McGinnis (2004). Greece: A Primary Source Cultural Guide. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8239-3999-2 .
  3. ↑ John E. Findling; Kimberly D. Pelle (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-313-32278-5 .
  4. ↑ Wayne C. Thompson; Mark H. Mullin. Western Europe, 1983. Stryker-Post Publications. p. 337 .
  5. ↑ Frederick Copleston (2003). History of Philosophy Volume 1: Greece and Rome. A&C Black. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8264-6895-6 
  6. ↑ Mario Iozzo (2001). Art and History of Greece: And Mount Athos. Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 7. ISBN 978-88-8029-435-1 
  7. ↑ Marxiano Melotti (2011). The Plastic Venuses: Archaeological Tourism in Post-Modern Society. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4438-3028-7 
  8. ↑ Library Journal. 97. Bowker. 1972. p. 1588 .
  9. ↑ Stanley Mayer Burstein (2002). Current Issues and the Study of Ancient History. Regina Books. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-930053-10-6 
  10. ↑ Murray Milner, Jr. (2015). Elites: A General Model. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7456-8950-0 
  11. ↑ Auctores varii (2011). Slavica viterbiensia 003: Periodico di letterature e culture slave della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Moderne dell'Università della Tuscia. Gangemi Editore spa. p. 148. ISBN 978-88-492-6909-3 
  12. ↑ Kim Covert (2011). Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy. Capstone. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4296-6831-6 
  13. ↑ Ricardo Duchesne (2011). The Uniqueness of Western Civilization. Brill. p. 297. ISBN 90-04-19248-4 .
  14. ↑ Bruce Thornton, Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization, Encounter Books, 2002.
  15. ↑ Richard Tarnas, The Passion of the Western Mind (Novi Eboraci: Ballantine Books, 1991).
  16. ↑ Colin Hynson, Ancient Greece (Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2006), 4.
  17. ↑ Carol G. Thomas, Paths from Ancient Greece (Lugduni Batavorum: E.J. Brill, 1988).

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