Inglis leid

Inglis
English
Region	Oreeginally Ingland nou warldwide
Native speakers	360–400 million (2006)[1] L2 speakers: 400 million; as a foreign leid: 600–700 million[1]
Leid faimily	Indo-European Germanic Wast Germanic Anglo-Frisie Anglic Inglis
Early forms	Auld Inglis Middle Inglis Early Modren Inglis
Writin seestem	Laitin script (Inglis alphabet) Inglis Braille, Unified Inglis Braille
Signed forms	Manually coded Inglis (multiple seestems)
Offeecial status
Offeecial leid in	67 kintras 27 non-sovereign entities Various organisations Unitit Naitions European Union Commonweel o Naitions Cooncil o Europe ICC IOC ISO NATO WTO NAFTA OAS OECD OIC OPEC GUAM Organization for Democracy an Economic Development* PIF UKUSA Agreement ASEAN ASEAN Economic Commonty SAARC Turkic Cooncil ECO
Leid codes
ISO 639-1	en
ISO 639-2	eng
ISO 639-3	eng
Glottolog	stan1293[2]
Linguasphere	52-ABA
Kintras o the warld whaur Inglis is a majority native leid   Kintras whaur Inglis is offeecial but nae a majority native leid
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Inglis (Inglis: English) is a Wast Germanic leid that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kinricks o England an spread intae whit wis tae become sooth-east Scotland unner the influence o the Anglian medieval kinrick o Northumbrie. Follaein the economic, poleetical, military, scienteefic, cultural, an colonial influence o Great Breetain an the Unitit Kinrick frae the 18t century, via the Breetish Empire, an o the Unitit States syne the mid-20t century,^[3][4][5][6] it haes been widely dispersed aroond the warld, become the leadin leid o internaitional discourse, an haes acquired uise as lingua franca in mony regions.^[7][8] It is widely learnit as a seicont leid an uised as an offeecial leid o the European Union an mony Commonwealth kintras, as well as in mony warld organisations. It is the third maist natively spoken leid in the warld, efter Mandarin Cheenese an Spaingie.^[9]

Historically, Inglis originatit frae the fusion o leids an dialects, noo collectively kent as Auld Inglis, whilk wur brocht tae the eastren coast o Great Breetain bi Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers beginnin in the 5t century – wi the wird "Inglis" bein derived frae the name o the Angles.^[10] A significant nummer o Inglis wirds are constructit based on roots frae Latin, acause Latin in some form wis the lingua franca o the Christian Kirk an o European intellectual life.^[11] The leid wis faur influenced bi the Auld Norse leid wi Viking invasions in the 8t an 9t centuries.

The Norman conquest o Ingland in the 11t century gae rise tae hivy borrowins frae Norman-French, an vocabulary an spelling conventions began tae gie the superficial appearance o a close relationship wi Romance leids^[12][13] tae whit haed nou become Middle Inglis. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the sooth o Ingland in the 15t century is ane o the historical events markin the separation o Middle an Modern Inglis.

Awin tae the significant assimilation o various European leids throughoot historie, modren Inglis is aften seen as haein a gey muckle vocabulary. The Oxford Inglis Dictionary leets ower 250,000 distinct wirds, an daes nae include mony technical or slang terms, or wirds that belang tae multiple wird classes.^[14][15]

1. ↑ ^{a b} Crystal 2006, pp. 424–426.
2. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Standard English". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. ↑ Ammon, pp. 2245–2247.
4. ↑ Schneider, p. 1.
5. ↑ Mazrui, p. 21.
6. ↑ Howatt, pp. 127–133.
7. ↑ Crystal, pp. 87–89.
8. ↑ Wardhaugh, p. 60.
9. ↑ "Summary by language size". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 10 Februar 2015.
10. ↑ "English — Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 25 Apryle 2007. Retrieved 2 Januar 2010.
11. ↑ "Old English language — Latin influence". Spiritus-temporis.com. Archived frae the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 2 Januar 2010.
12. ↑ "Words on the brain: from 1 million years ago?". History of language. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
13. ↑ Albert C. Baugh & Thomas Cable (1978). "Latin Influences on Old English". An excerpt from Foreign Influences on Old English. Archived frae the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
14. ↑ "How many words are there in the English Language?". Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived frae the original on 30 November 2011.
15. ↑ Vista Worldwide Lanugage Statistics