Unitit Kinrick

Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland Inglis: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Ulster Scots: Claught Kängrick o Docht Brätain an Norlin Airlann Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon Cornish: Rywvaneth Unys Breten Veur ha Kledhbarth Iwerdhon Scots Gaelic: Rìoghachd Aonaichte Bhreatainn is Èireann a Tuath Erse: Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann
Banner Ryal coat o airms [note 1]
Anthem: "God Save the King"[note 2]
Location o the  Unitit Kinrick  (dark green) on the European continent  (dark gray)
Caipital and largest city	Lunnon 51°30′N 0°7′W / 51.500°N 0.117°W / 51.500; -0.117
Offeecial leid an national leid	Inglis
Recognised regional leids[note 3]	Scots Ulster‑Scots Welsh Cornish Scots Gaelic Erse
Ethnic groups (2011)	87.1% White 7.0% Asian 3.0% Black 2.0% Mixed 0.9% ithers
Demonym(s)	Breetish Briton
Govrenment	Unitary pairlamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Charles III
• Prime Meenister	Rishi Sunak
Legislatur	Pairlament
• Upper house	Hoose o Lairds
• Lower house	Hoose o Commons
History
• Acts o Union o Ingland an Scotland	1 May 1707
• Acts o Union o Great Breetain an Ireland	1 January 1801
• Erse Free State Constitution Act	5 December 1922
•	1 January 1973
Aurie
• Total	243,610 km2 (94,060 sq mi) (80t)
• Water (%)	1.34
Population
• 2020 estimate	67,886,004[3] (21st)
• 2011 census	63,182,178[4] (22nt)
• Density	270.7/km2 (701.1/sq mi) (50t)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$3.131 trillion[5] (9t)
• Per capita	$46,827[5] (26t)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Tot	$2.744 trillion[5] (6t)
• Per capita	$41,030[5] (20t)
Gini (2017)	33.1[6] medium · 33rd
HDI (2022)	0.940[7] verra heich · 15t
Currency	Poond sterling (£) (GBP)
Time zone	UTC​ (GMT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (BST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Drivin side	left
Cawin code	+44
ISO 3166 code	GB
Internet TLD	.uk

The Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland (Inglis: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), commonly kent the Unitit Kinrick (Inglis: United Kingdom; UK) or Breetain (Inglis: Britain), is a kintra in waster Europe. Lyin aff the north-wastren coast o the European mainlaund, the UK includes the isle o Great Breetain, the north-eastren pairt o the isle o Ireland an mony smawer islands.^[8] Norlin Airlan is the anly pairt o the Unitit Kinrick that shares a laund mairch wi anither sovereign state‍—‌the Republic o Ireland.^{[note 4]} Apairt frae this laund mairch, the UK is surroondit bi the Atlantic Ocean, wi the North Sea tae its east, the Inglis Channel tae its sooth an the Celtic Sea tae its sooth-sooth-wast, giein it the 12t-langest coastline in the warld. The Erse Sea lies atween Great Breetain an Ireland. Wi an aurie o 242,500 square kilometre (93,600 sq mi), the UK is the 78t-lairgest sovereign state in the warld an the 11t-lairgest in Europe. It is the 21st-maist populous kintra an aw, wi an estimatit 67.8 million indwallers as o 2020.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy wi a pairliamentar democracy.^[9][10] The monarch is King Charles III, The UK's caipital an lairgest ceety is Lunnon, a global ceety an financial centre wi an urban aurie population o 10.3 million, the fowert-lairgest in Europe.^[11] Ither major urban auries in the UK include the conurbations centred on Birmingham, Leeds, Glesga, Liverpuil an Manchester. The UK consists o fower kintras—Ingland, Scotland, Wales an Northren Ireland.^[12] Aw but Ingland hae devolved admeenistrations,^[13] ilk wi varyin pouers,^[14][15] based in thair caipitals Edinburgh, Cairdiff an Belfast, respectively. The nearbi Isle o Man, Bailiwick o Guernsey an Bailiwick o Jersey are no pairt o the UK, bein Croun dependencies wi the Breetish Govrenment responsible for defence an internaitional representation.^[16]

Prior tae the formation o the UK, Wales haed been conquered an annexed bi the Kinrick o Ingland. This meant that the unitit kinrick creatit in 1707 bi the Treaty o Union atween Ingland an Scotland encompassed aw o Great Breetain. The Kinrick o Ireland merged wi this state in 1801 tae form the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland. Five-saxts o Ireland secedit frae the UK in 1922, leavin the present formulation o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain and Northren Ireland.^{[note 5]} Thare are fowerteen Breetish Owerseas Territories,^[17] the remnants o the Breetish Empire that, at its hicht in the 1920s, encompassed awmaist a quarter o the warld's land mass an wis the lairgest empire in history. Breetish influence can be observed in the leid, cultur an legal seestems o mony o its umwhile colonies.

The UK is a developit kintra an haes the warld's saxt-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP ^[18] an ninth-lairgest economy bi purchasin pouer parity. It haes a heich-income economy an haes a "verra heich" Human Development Index, rankin 16t in the warld. It wis the first industrialised kintra an the warld's foremaist pouer in the 19t an early 20t centuries.^[19][20] The UK remeens a great pouer wi conseederable economic, cultural, militar, scienteefic an poleetical influence internaitionally.^[21][22] It is a recognised nuclear wappens state an is seivent in militar expenditur in the warld.^[23] It haes been a permanent member o the Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil syne its first session in 1946. It wis a leadin member state o the EU an its predecessor, the European Economic Commonty (EEC), frae 1973 till 2020. The UK a member o the Commonweel o Naitions, the G7 finance meenisters, the G7 forum, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development (OECD), an the Warld Tred Organisation (WTO).
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1. ↑ National Anthem, British Monarchy official website. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
2. ↑ "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148". Council of Europe. Archived frae the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
3. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Retrieved 31 Mairch 2020.
4. ↑ "2011 UK censuses". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
6. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2019.
7. ↑ "HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (in Inglis). United Nations Development Programme. 13 Mairch 2024. pp. 274–277.
8. ↑ "Definition of Great Britain in English". Oxford University Press. Archived frae the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2014. Great Britain is the name for the island that comprises England, Scotland and Wales, although the term is also used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom.
9. ↑ The British Monarchy, What is constitutional monarchy?. Retrieved 17 Julie 2013
10. ↑ CIA, The World Factbook Archived 2019-01-07 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 July 2013
11. ↑ The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 1950-2030, World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 revision, Population Diveesion o the Unitit Naitions Depairtment o Economic an Social Affairs. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
12. ↑ "Countries within a country". Prime Minister's Office. 10 Januar 2003. Archived frae the original on 9 September 2008. Retrieved 8 Mairch 2015. Archived 2010-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
13. ↑ "Devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland". United Kingdom Government. Retrieved 17 Apryle 2013. In a similar way to how the government is formed from members from the two Houses of Parliament, members of the devolved legislatures nominate ministers from among themselves to comprise executives, known as the devolved administrations...
14. ↑ "Fall in UK university students". BBC News. 29 Januar 2009.
15. ↑ "Country Overviews: United Kingdom". Transport Research Knowledge Centre. Archived frae the original on 4 Apryle 2010. Retrieved 28 Mairch 2010.
16. ↑ "Key facts about the United Kingdom". Directgov. Archived frae the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2015.

    The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Britain' is used informally, usually meaning the United Kingdom.
    The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.

17. ↑ "Supporting the Overseas Territories". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2015.
18. ↑ "Britain crashes out of world's top 5 economies". CNN..
19. ↑ Mathias, P. (2001). The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain, 1700–1914. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26672-6.
20. ↑ Ferguson, Niall (2004). Empire: The rise and demise of the British world order and the lessons for global power. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02328-2.
21. ↑ T. V. Paul; James J. Wirtz; Michel Fortmann (2005). "Great+power" Balance of Power. State University of New York Press, 2005. pp. 59, 282. ISBN 0791464016. Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States p.59
22. ↑ McCourt, David (28 Mey 2014). Britain and World Power Since 1945: Constructing a Nation's Role in International Politics. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472072218.
23. ↑ "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 26 Apryle 2017.