Socijalizam

Socijalizam (engl. socialism; franc. socialisme; nem. sozialismus; poreklo prema lat. socialis: društveni; saveznički), pojam koji označava izrazito moderne i progresivne političke i ekonomske ideje i teorije koji krajnjim ciljem svojih ideala teže prevazilaženju i korenitom raskidu sa sistemom svetskog kapitalizma radi uspostavljanja uređenja globalnog karaktera baziranog na globalnim sredstvima za proizvodnju i raspodelu u zajedničkom vlasništvu i pod demokratskim upravljanjem od strane cele globalne zajednice u cilju proizvodnje samo za potrebe.^[1][2][3][4] Nastao je u 18. veku u Evropi kao moderni odgovor na industrijalizaciju i kapitalizam.^[5][6][7] Socijalizam se kroz istoriju svog razvoja pojavljivao unutar različitih političkih koncepcija i teorija, od kojih su najznačajnije: anarhizam različitih struja, marksizam različitih struja, demokratski socijalizam, socijaldemokratija, religijski socijalizam (hrišćanski socijalizam, islamski socijalizam i sl.), utopijski socijalizam, boljševizam (autoritarni komunizam) itd.^{[8][9][10][11]}

Svaka varijanta socijalističke ideje nastoji u industrijalizovanom društvu ostvariti društveni poredak u kojem neće postojati kapitalizam, u kojem će se prevazići privatno vlasništvo u ekonomiji, a privredna sredstva i ekonomija biti stavljeni pod javnu demokratsku kontrolu.

1. ↑ Busky, Donald F. (July 20, 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. ISBN 978-0275968861..
2. ↑ "Socialism". The Free Dictionary. "2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) any of various social or political theories or movements in which the common welfare is to be achieved through the establishment of a socialist economic system".
3. ↑ Bertrand Badie; Dirk Berg-Schlosser; Leonardo Morlino (2011). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications, Inc. p. 2456. ISBN 978-1-4129-5963-6. Socialist systems are those regimes based on the economic and political theory of socialism, which advocates public ownership and cooperative management of the means of production and allocation of resources.
4. ↑ „socialism | Definition of socialism in English by Oxford Dictionaries”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2019-05-07. Pristupljeno 2020-08-10. 
5. ↑ Sinclair, Upton (1. januar 1918). Upton Sinclair's: A Monthly Magazine: for Social Justice, by Peaceful Means If Possible. »Socialism, you see, is a bird with two wings. The definition is 'social ownership and democratic control of the instruments and means of production.'«
6. ↑ Nove, Alec. „Socialism”. New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Second Edition (2008). »A society may be defined as socialist if the major part of the means of production of goods and services is in some sense socially owned and operated, by state, socialised or cooperative enterprises. The practical issues of socialism comprise the relationships between management and workforce within the enterprise, the interrelationships between production units (plan versus markets), and, if the state owns and operates any part of the economy, who controls it and how.«
7. ↑ Nove, Alec. „Socialism”. New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Second Edition (2008). »A society may be defined as socialist if the major part of the means of production of goods and services is in some sense socially owned and operated, by state, socialised or cooperative enterprises. The practical issues of socialism comprise the relationships between management and workforce within the enterprise, the interrelationships between production units (plan versus markets), and, if the state owns and operates any part of the economy, who controls it and how.« Rosser, Mariana V. and J Barkley Jr. (23. jul 2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. Šablon:Page1. »Socialism is an economic system characterised by state or collective ownership of the means of production, land, and capital.«
8. ↑ „What else does a socialist economic system involve? Those who favor socialism generally speak of social ownership, social control, or socialization of the means of production as the distinctive positive feature of a socialist economic system” N. Scott Arnold. The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism : A Critical Study. Šablon:Page1
9. ↑ Busky, Donald F. (20. jul 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. . ISBN 978-0-275-96886-1. pp. 2. »Socialism may be defined as movements for social ownership and control of the economy. It is this idea that is the common element found in the many forms of socialism.«
10. ↑ Bertrand Badie; Dirk Berg-Schlosser; Leonardo Morlino (2011). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications, Inc. str. 2456. ISBN 978-1-4129-5963-6. pp. »Socialist systems are those regimes based on the economic and political theory of socialism, which advocates public ownership and cooperative management of the means of production and allocation of resources.«
11. ↑ Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown, Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart (1988). Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. Harcourt College Pub. . ISBN 978-0-15-512403-5. pp. 7. »Pure socialism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production are owned and run by the government and/or cooperative, nonprofit groups.«