Algerian War

Algerian War
Date 1 November 1954 – 19 March 1962 Location Algeria Result Algerian victory Algerian independence Military stalemate [1][2][3][4] FLN political victory[5][6] Évian Accords End of the French Colonial Empire[7][8][9][10][11] Collapse of the Fourth French Republic Establishment of the Fifth Republic Territorial changes Independence of Algeria from France
Belligerents
France	FLN

The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution (Arabic: الثورة الجزائرية Al-thawra Al-Jazaa'iriyya; Berber languages: Tagrawla Tadzayrit; French: Guerre d'Algérie or Révolution algérienne) was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (French: Front de Libération Nationale. FLN) from 1954 to 1962.

The war led to Algeria gaining its independence from France. It was known for its use of guerrilla warfare and for the massive use of torture on both sides.^[12][13] The war took place mainly in Algeria.

It brought France to the verge of military coup d'état; which caused the fall of the Fourth Republic (1946-58), and transformed the French constitution.^[14]

1. ↑ Windrow, Martin; Chappell, Mike (1997). The Algerian War 1954–62. Osprey Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-85532-658-3.
2. ↑ Introduction to Comparative Politics, by Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger, William Joseph, page 108
3. ↑ Alexander Cooley, Hendrik Spruyt. Contracting States: Sovereign Transfers in International Relations. Page 63.
4. ↑ George Bernard Noble. Christian A. Herter: The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy. Page 155.
5. ↑ Young, Robert J.C. (12 October 2016). Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Wiley. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-118-89685-3. the French lost their Algerian empire in military and political defeat by the FLN, just as they lost their empire in China in defeat by Giap and Ho Chi Minh.
6. ↑ Aldrich, R. (10 December 2004). Vestiges of Colonial Empire in France. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-230-00552-5. For the [French] nation as a whole, commemoration of the Franco-Algerian War is complicated since it ended in defeat (politically, if not strictly militarily) rather than victory.
7. ↑ Hargreaves, Alec G. (2005). Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism. Lexington Books. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7391-0821-5. The death knell of the French empire was sounded by the bitterly fought Algerian war of independence, which ended in 1962.
8. ↑ McCormack, Jo (2010). Collective Memory: France and the Algerian War (1954-62. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7391-4562-3.
9. ↑ Allatson, Paul; McCormack, Jo (2008). Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities. Rodopi. p. 117. ISBN 978-90-420-2406-9. The Algerian War came to an end in 1962, and with it closed some 130 years of French colonial presence in Algeria (and North Africa). With this outcome, the French Empire, celebrated in pomp in Paris in the Exposition coloniale of 1931 ... received its decisive death blow. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author1= and |last1= specified (help); More than one of |author2= and |last2= specified (help)
10. ↑ Beigbeder, Yves (2006). Judging War Crimes And Torture: French Justice And International Criminal Tribunals And Commissions (1940–2005. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-04-15329-5. The independence of Algeria in 1962, after a long and bitter war, marked the end of the French Empire.
11. ↑ Barclay, Fiona (15 October 2013). France's Colonial Legacies: Memory, Identity and Narrative. University of Wales Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-78316-585-8. The difficult relationship which France has with the period of history dominated by the Algerian war has been well documented. The reluctance, which ended only in 1999, to acknowledge 'les évenements' as a war, the shame over the fate of the harki detachments, the amnesty covering many of the deeds committed during the war and the humiliation of a colonial defeat which marked the end of the French empire are just some of the reasons why France has preferred to look towards a Eurocentric future, rather than confront the painful aspects of its colonial past.
12. ↑ Keith Brannum, University of North Carolina Asheville, The Victory Without Laurels: The French Military Tragedy in Algeria(1954–1962) [1] Archived 2014-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
13. ↑ Irwin M. Wall, France, the United States, and the Algerian War, pp, 68–69. [2]
14. ↑ Windrow, Martin (1997). The Algerian War 1954-62. Great Britain: Osprey. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4728-0449-5.