Aluminum, 00AlFile:Aluminum-4.jpg |
|
Pronunciation | |
---|
Alternative name | aluminium (U.K., Australia) |
---|
Appearance | silvery gray metallic |
---|
|
|
| 26.9815384(3)[2] |
---|
|
|
|
Group | group 13 (boron group) |
---|
Period | period 3 |
---|
Block | p-block |
---|
Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
---|
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 3 |
---|
|
Phase at STP | solid |
---|
Melting point | 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) |
---|
Boiling point | 2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) |
---|
Density (near r.t.) | 2.70 g/cm3 |
---|
when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.375 g/cm3 |
---|
Heat of fusion | 10.71 kJ/mol |
---|
Heat of vaporization | 284 kJ/mol |
---|
Molar heat capacity | 24.20 J/(mol·K) |
---|
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
at T (K)
|
1482
|
1632
|
1817
|
2054
|
2364
|
2790
|
|
|
Oxidation states | −2, −1, 0,[3] +1,[4] +2,[5] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
---|
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.61 |
---|
Ionization energies | - 1st: 577.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
---|
Atomic radius | empirical: 143 pm |
---|
Covalent radius | 121±4 pm |
---|
Van der Waals radius | 184 pm |
---|
Spectral lines of aluminum |
|
Natural occurrence | primordial |
---|
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
---|
Speed of sound thin rod | (rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t.) |
---|
Thermal expansion | 23.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
---|
Thermal conductivity | 237 W/(m⋅K) |
---|
Electrical resistivity | 26.5 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
---|
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[6] |
---|
Molar magnetic susceptibility | +16.5·10−6 cm3/mol |
---|
Young's modulus | 70 GPa |
---|
Shear modulus | 26 GPa |
---|
Bulk modulus | 76 GPa |
---|
Poisson ratio | 0.35 |
---|
Mohs hardness | 2.75 |
---|
Vickers hardness | 160–350 MPa |
---|
Brinell hardness | 160–550 MPa |
---|
CAS Number | 7429-90-5 |
---|
|
Naming | after alumina (aluminum oxide), itself named after mineral alum |
---|
Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier (1782) |
---|
Discovery and first isolation | Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) |
---|
Named by | Humphry Davy (1812) |
---|
|
Template:infobox aluminum isotopes does not exist |
Category: Aluminum | references |
Preview warning: unknown parameter "electron configuration"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "block"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "isotopes comment"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "oxidation states"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "isotopes"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "group"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "category comment"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "period"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "category"
Preview warning: unknown parameter "oxidation states comment"
Aluminum (in British English: Aluminium) is a chemical element. The symbol for aluminum is Al, and its atomic number is 13. aluminum is the most abundant metal. It is a mononuclidic element.
- ↑ "aluminum". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 1989.
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium". CIAAW. 2017.
- ↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al2(CH3)6 with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (December 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society. 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023. OSTI 6973516.
- ↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
- ↑ Tyte, D. C. (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
- ↑
Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.
- ↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminum Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0.
- ↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35: 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.