Commonwealth of Australia | |
---|---|
Anthem: "Advance Australia Fair" | |
![]() | |
Capital | Canberra 35°18′29″S 149°07′28″E / 35.30806°S 149.12444°E |
Largest city | Sydney |
Official languages | None at federal level |
Common languages | English[N 2] |
Demonym(s) |
|
Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Charles III |
Sam Mostyn | |
Anthony Albanese | |
Richard Marles | |
Stephen Gageler | |
Sue Lines | |
Milton Dick | |
Legislature | Parliament |
Senate | |
House of Representatives | |
Independence from the United Kingdom | |
1 January 1901 | |
9 October 1942 (with effect from 3 September 1939) | |
3 March 1986 | |
Area | |
• Total | 7,692,024 km2 (2,969,907 sq mi) (6th) |
• Water (%) | 0.76 |
Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 27,588,100[4] (51st) |
• 2016 census | 23,401,892[5] |
• Density | 3.6/km2 (9.3/sq mi) (236th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
• Total | US$1.24 trillion[6] (19th) |
• Per capita | US$49,882[6] (17th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
• Total | US$1.39 trillion[6] (13th) |
• Per capita | US$56,135[6] (10th) |
Gini (2012) | 33.6[7] medium · 19th |
HDI (2015) | ![]() very high · 2nd |
Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) |
Time zone | UTC+8 to +10.5 (various[N 3]) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+8 to +11.5 (various[N 3]) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Driving side | left |
Calling code | +61 |
ISO 3166 code | AU |
Internet TLD | .au |
Australia (officially called the Commonwealth of Australia) is a country and sovereign state located in the southern hemisphere, in Oceania. Its capital city is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. It is mostly desert country.
Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by land area, and is part of the Oceanic and Australasian regions. Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands on the Australian tectonic plate are together called Australasia, which is one of the world's great ecozones. When other Pacific islands are included with Australasia, it is called Oceania.
27 million[9] people live in Australia, and about 85% of them live near the east coast.[10] The country is divided up into six states and two territories, and more than half of Australia's population lives in and around the cities of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. The first people to live in the country were the Indigenous Australians: many of them died from smallpox during colonisation.
Australia is known for its mining (coal, iron, gold, diamonds and crystals). It produces wool, and is the world's largest producer of bauxite.[11] Its emblem is a flower called the golden wattle.
Australia is also known for its animals. The national symbols of Australia are the kangaroo and the golden wattle. Scientifically, perhaps even more important are its two monotreme mammals: the platypus and the echidna.
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