Iceland

Iceland Ísland
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Lofsöngur" ("Hymn")
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Capital and largest city	Reykjavík 64°08′N 21°56′W / 64.133°N 21.933°W / 64.133; -21.933
Official languages	Icelandic
Recognized languages	English Nordic languages
Ethnic groups (2018)[a][1]	89% Icelandic 5% Polish 1% Lithuanians 5% Other
Religion (2020)[3]	75.1% Christianity —63.5% Church of Iceland[b] —7.6% Other Protestant —4.0% Roman Catholic 21.5% No religion 1.3% Ásatrúarfélagið 2.1% Other
Demonym(s)	Icelander Icelandic
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Guðni Th. Jóhannesson
• Prime Minister	Bjarni Benediktsson
• President of Parliament	Birgir Ármannsson
• President of Supreme Court	Benedikt Bogason
Legislature	Althing
Formation
• Settlement	9th century
• Commonwealth Founding of the Althing	930–1262
• Union with Norway Signing of the Old Covenant	1262–1397
• Kalmar Union	1397–1523
• Denmark–Norway	1523–1814
• Treaty of Kiel Ceded to Denmark	14 January 1814
• Constitution and limited home rule Minister for Iceland appointed	5 January 1874
• Extended home rule	1 February 1904
• Sovereignty Danish–Icelandic Act of Union	1 December 1918
• Republic	17 June 1944
• EFTA accession	3 May 1960
Area
• Total	102,775[4] km2 (39,682 sq mi) (106th)
• Water (%)	2.07 (as of 2015)[5]
Population
• 2020 estimate	364,134 (179th)
• 2024 census	399,189[6]
• Density	3.6/km2 (9.3/sq mi) (240th)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$19.8 billion[7] (142nd)
• Per capita	$54,482[7] (16th)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$20.8 billion[7]
• Per capita	$57,189[7] (5th)
Gini (2016)	24.1[8] low · 2nd
HDI (2019)	0.949[9] very high · 4th
Currency	Icelandic króna (ISK)
Time zone	UTC[c] (GMT/WET)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+354
ISO 3166 code	IS
Internet TLD	.is

Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland; [ˈistlant] (listen)) is an island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic, between Greenland and Norway, formerly a possession of Denmark. It is culturally considered to be part of Europe. Iceland is 301 kilometers east of Greenland and 1001 kilometers west of Norway. There are about 329,100 people who live in Iceland. Iceland has an area of 103,000 km².

Iceland covers its own Arctic island in the Arctic Ocean. It is north of Ireland, east of Greenland, west of Norway, northwest of the United Kingdom, northeast of Canada and southwest of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Unlike Greenland, Iceland is part of Europe and not North America.
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1. ↑ "Population by country of citizenship, sex and age (2018)". Statistics Iceland. Retrieved 6 May 2019.^{[permanent dead link]}
2. ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Iceland: Article 62, Government of Iceland.
3. ↑ "PX-Web - Select variable and values". Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
4. ↑ "Ísland er minna en talið var" (in Icelandic). RÚV. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
5. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 2020-10-11.
6. ↑ "Þjóðskrá". www.skra.is (in Icelandic). Icelandic National Registry. 14 January 2024. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3} "Iceland". International Monetary Fund.
8. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
9. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
10. ↑ Emilía Dagný Sveinbjörnsdóttir (2008). "Hvenær var hætt að skipta á milli sumar- og vetrartíma á Íslandi?" (in Icelandic). Vísindavefurinn. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
11. ↑ "Tillaga til þingsályktunar um seinkun klukkunnar og bjartari morgna" (in Icelandic). Althing. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.