Iraq

Republic of Iraq جمهورية العراق (Arabic) کۆماری عێراق (Kurdish)
Flag Emblem
Motto: الله أكبر (Arabic) "Allahu Akbar" (transliteration) "God is the Greatest"
Anthem: "Mawtini" "موطني" (English: "My Homeland")
Capital and largest city	Baghdad 33°20′N 44°26′E / 33.333°N 44.433°E / 33.333; 44.433
Official languages	Arabic Kurdish
Religion	Islam
Demonym(s)	Iraqi
Government	Federal parliamentary republic
• President	Latif Rashid
• Prime Minister	Mohammed Al Sudani
• Speakers of the Council of Representatives	Mohamed al-Halbousi
• Chief Justice	Medhat al-Mahmoud
Legislature	Council of Representatives
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Kingdom	3 October 1932 (1932-10-03)
• Republic declared	14 July 1958
• Current constitution	15 October 2005
Area
• Total	437,072 km2 (168,754 sq mi) (58th)
• Water (%)	1.1
Population
• 2021 estimate	43,533,592[1][2] (36th)
• Density	82.7/km2 (214.2/sq mi) (125th)
GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
• Total	$695 billion[3] (34th)
• Per capita	$17,429[3] (71st)
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$223 billion[3] (47th)
• Per capita	$5,601[3] (88th)
Gini (2012)	29.5[4] low
HDI (2017)	0.685[5] medium · 120th
Currency	Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+964
ISO 3166 code	IQ
Internet TLD	.iq
Constitution of Iraq, Article 4 (1st).

Iraq is a country in southwestern Asia. Iraq borders with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south, Turkey to the north, Syria to the north-west, Jordan to the west, and Iran to the east. The capital of Iraq is Baghdad.

Iraq has been known by the Greek name Mesopotamia which means (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing. Iraq was part of several empires, some were Safavid, and Afsharid. During the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I, British Empire troops conquered the Ottoman Empire provinces of Basra and Baghdad and later added the province of Mosul to make Iraq.

Most Iraqis are Shia Muslim with a significant Sunni Muslim minority.

1. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
2. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3} "Iraq". International Monetary Fund.
4. ↑ "World Bank GINI index". Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
5. ↑ "2018 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2015. p. 9. Retrieved December 14, 2015.