Montenegro

Montenegro Crna Gora  (Montenegrin) Црна Гора  (Montenegrin)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:  Oj, svijetla majska zoro Ој, свијетла мајска зоро (English: "Oh, Bright Dawn of May")
Location of  Montenegro  (green) on the European continent  (dark grey)  —  [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Podgorica 42°47′N 19°28′E / 42.783°N 19.467°E / 42.783; 19.467
Official languages	Montenegrin[1]
Languages in official use	Serbian Albanian Bosnian Croatian[2]
Ethnic groups (2011[3])	45.0% Montenegrins 28.7% Serbs 8.6% Bosniaks 4.9% Albanians 12.7% Others
Religion (2011)	75.93% Christianity —72.07% Eastern Orthodoxy —3.86% Other Christian 19.21% Islam 3.31% No religion 1.55% Others
Demonym(s)	Montenegrin
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Jakov Milatović
• Prime Minister	Milojko Spajić
• Speaker	Andrija Mandić
Legislature	Skupština
Establishment history
• Principality of Duklja	625
• Kingdom of Duklja	1077
• Lordship of Zeta	1356
• Prince-Bishopric	1516
• Principality proclaimed	1852
• Independence recognised	1878
• Kingdom proclaimed	1910
• Unification with Serbia	1918
• Socialist Republic	1945
• State union with Serbia	1992
• Independence restored	2006
Area
• Total	13,812 km2 (5,333 sq mi) (156th)
• Water (%)	2.6
Population
• 2021 estimate	620,739[4] (169th)
• Density	45/km2 (116.5/sq mi) (133rd)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$11.994 billion[5] (149th)
• Per capita	$19,252[5] (63rd)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$4.790 billion[5] (153rd)
• Per capita	$7,688[5] (73rd)
Gini (2019)	34.1[6] medium
HDI (2019)	0.829[7] very high · 48th
Currency	Euro (€)a (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy.
Driving side	right
Calling code	+382
ISO 3166 code	ME
Internet TLD	.me
Adopted unilaterally; Montenegro is not a member of the Eurozone.

Montenegro (meaning Black Mountain) is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is on the Adriatic Sea, between Albania (to the South) and Croatia to the North. Inland (to the East and South-East) it also has a common border with Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. For most of the 20th century it was part of Yugoslavia. It had also been independent before World War I and existed as a kingdom. Its leader is Jakov Milatović.

1. ↑ "Language and alphabet Article 13". Constitution of Montenegro. WIPO. 19 October 2007. The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Cyrillic and Latin alphabet shall be equal.
2. ↑ "Language and alphabet Article 13". Constitution of Montenegro. WIPO. 19 October 2007. Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.
3. ↑ "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011" (PDF). Monstat. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
4. ↑ "Statistical Office of Montenegro – MONSTAT". www.monstat.org.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3} "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. April 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
6. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
7. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.