Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||||||||||
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1925–1991 | |||||||||||||
Motto: Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! (Turkmen) Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň! (transliteration) "Proletarians of all nations, unite!" | |||||||||||||
Anthem: Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Дөвлет Гимни Türkmenistan Sowet Socialistik Respublikasy Döwlet Gimni "State Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic" | |||||||||||||
![]() Location of Turkmenia (red) within the Soviet Union. | |||||||||||||
Status | Soviet Socialist Republic | ||||||||||||
Capital | Ashkhabad | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Turkmen · Russian | ||||||||||||
Government | Unitary Marxist-Leninist single-party Soviet socialist republic (1925–1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990–1991) | ||||||||||||
Leader | |||||||||||||
• 1924–1926 | Ivan Mezhlauk (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1985–1991 | Saparmurat Niyazov (last) | ||||||||||||
Premier | |||||||||||||
• 1925–1937 | Kaikhaziz Atabayev (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1989–1991 | Khan Akhmedov (last) | ||||||||||||
Legislature | Supreme Soviet | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR | 7 August 1921 | ||||||||||||
• Republic proclaimed | 13 May 1925 | ||||||||||||
• Sovereignty declared | 22 August 1990 | ||||||||||||
• Independence declared | 27 October 1991 | ||||||||||||
• Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||
1989 | 488,100 km2 (188,500 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||
• 1989 | 3,522,700 | ||||||||||||
Currency | Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) | ||||||||||||
Calling code | 7 360/363/370/378/432 | ||||||||||||
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Today part of | ![]() |
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen: Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы, Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy; Russian: Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also commonly known as Turkmenistan or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. It existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made. On 13 May 1925, Turkmen ASSR was promoted to a union republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.
Since then, the borders of Turkmenia are unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its state sovereignty, who means that its laws have a priority over the Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it declared its independence and Turkmen SSR was renamed to Turkmenistan.
Geographically, Turkmenia bordered Iran and Afghanistan to the south, Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the east. Additionally, Turkmenia was a landlocked country; however it had access to the Caspian Sea in the west.
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