Umar عمر | |
---|---|
2nd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate | |
Reign | 23 August 634 – 3 November 644 |
Predecessor | Abu Bakr |
Successor | Uthman ibn Affan |
Born | c. 586 or 589 CE Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia |
Died | November 644 CE
(Muharram 01 AH) (aged 60–61) Medina, Hejaz, Rashidun Caliphate |
Burial | Prophet's Mosque, Medina |
Spouse | |
Issue (among others) | |
Tribe | Quraysh (Banu Adi) |
Father | Khattab ibn Nufayl |
Mother | Hantamah bint Hisham |
Religion | Islam |
Signature |
Umar ibn al-Khattab (Arabic: عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب, romanized: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb; c. 582/583 – 644), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
At first, Umar opposed Muhammad and was enemy of Islam. After his conversion to Islam in 616, Umar became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba.[3] Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in November 644.[a]
Umar is said to be one of the most powerful Muslim caliphs.[5] He is revered in the Sunni Islamic tradition.[6] More than 50 hadiths speak of how he was the second greatest Sahabah after Abu Bakr.[7][8] He is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition, although Shi'ite figures often married into his family and named their children after him. They view his killer as a martyr although he was not a Muslim. [9]
Shi'i tradition has never concealed its antipathy to Umar for having thwarted the claims of Ali and the House of the Prophet.
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