Afroamerikaner

Ovan: W.E.B. Du Bois, Martin Luther King, Jr., Edward Brooke.
Nedan: Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, Sojourner Truth.

En afroamerikan eller afrikan-amerikan (efter engelskans African American) är en invånare i USA (och ibland övriga Amerika) med mörk hy och ursprung från Afrika. Begreppet afroamerikaner betecknar i allmänhet de invånare i USA som är ättlingar till de afrikaner som togs som slavar från Afrika till USA.^[1]^[2]^[3] Det finns idag knappt 37 miljoner afroamerikaner i USA, vilket motsvarar 12,3 procent av landets befolkning. Antalet slavar av afrikansk härkomst uppgick till närmare 4 miljoner när slaveriet i USA avskaffades på 1860-talet.

^ Lynn Martin, Carol; Fabes, Richard (2009) (på engelska). Discovering Child Development (2). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. sid. 18-19. ISBN 978-0-547-00361-0. https://books.google.se/books?id=3V88AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&hl=sv&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false. Läst 3 augusti 2020. ”Ethnicity is considered a social contruct, whereas race is considered relatively less so. For example, most (but not all) Americans of African descent are grouped racially as Black; however, the term African American refers to an ethnic group, most often to people whose ancestors experienced slavery in the United States (Soberon, 1996). Thus, not all Blacks in the United States are African-American (for example, some are from Haiti and others are from the Caribbean)”
^ Locke, Don C.; Bailey, Deryl F. (2013) (på engelska). Increasing Multicultural Understanding. Multicultural Aspects of Counseling and Psychotherapy Series 4 (3). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc. sid. 106. ISBN 978-1-4129-3658-3. https://www.google.com/books?id=7nJFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106. Läst 2 augusti 2020. ”African American refers to descendants of enslaved Black people who are from the United States. The reason we use an entire continent (Africa) instead of a country (e.g., Irish American) is because slave masters purposefully obliterated tribal ancestry, language, and family units in order to destroy the spirit of the people they enslaved, thereby making it impossible for their descendants to trace their history prior to being born into slavery.”
^ ”The size and regional distribution of the black population” (på engelska). mumford1.dyndns.org. Albany: Lewis Mumford Center (University at Albany). Arkiverad från originalet den 12 oktober 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071012170004/https://mumford1.dyndns.org/cen2000/BlackWhite/BlackDiversityReport/black-diversity03.htm. Läst 3 augusti 2020.

[DiscChD2009-1] Lynn Martin, Carol; Fabes, Richard (2009) (på engelska). Discovering Child Development (2). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. sid. 18-19. ISBN 978-0-547-00361-0. https://books.google.se/books?id=3V88AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&hl=sv&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false. Läst 3 augusti 2020. ”Ethnicity is considered a social contruct, whereas race is considered relatively less so. For example, most (but not all) Americans of African descent are grouped racially as Black; however, the term African American refers to an ethnic group, most often to people whose ancestors experienced slavery in the United States (Soberon, 1996). Thus, not all Blacks in the United States are African-American (for example, some are from Haiti and others are from the Caribbean)”

[IMU2013-2] Locke, Don C.; Bailey, Deryl F. (2013) (på engelska). Increasing Multicultural Understanding. Multicultural Aspects of Counseling and Psychotherapy Series 4 (3). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc. sid. 106. ISBN 978-1-4129-3658-3. https://www.google.com/books?id=7nJFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106. Läst 2 augusti 2020. ”African American refers to descendants of enslaved Black people who are from the United States. The reason we use an entire continent (Africa) instead of a country (e.g., Irish American) is because slave masters purposefully obliterated tribal ancestry, language, and family units in order to destroy the spirit of the people they enslaved, thereby making it impossible for their descendants to trace their history prior to being born into slavery.”

[SRDBLMC-3] ”The size and regional distribution of the black population” (på engelska). mumford1.dyndns.org. Albany: Lewis Mumford Center (University at Albany). Arkiverad från originalet den 12 oktober 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071012170004/https://mumford1.dyndns.org/cen2000/BlackWhite/BlackDiversityReport/black-diversity03.htm. Läst 3 augusti 2020.

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