Busara

Maadili bawaba
Busara Haki Nguvu Kiasi

Busara (kwa Kiingereza: prudence, kutoka Kilatini prudentia, kifupisho cha providentia, yaani ^[1] "kutazama mbele") ni mojawapo kati ya maadili bawaba yaliyotambulikana na wanafalsafa wa Ugiriki.

Ndiyo adili linalofanya akili izingatie kwa makini hali halisi ili kutambua yaliyo mema na kuchagua njia ya kufaa kuyafikia^[2].

Aristotle alifuatwa na Thoma wa Akwino akisema busara ndiyo kanuni nyofu ya utendaji.

Adili hilo halichanganyikani na woga unaomzuia mtu asitende inavyotakiwa, wala na ujanja unaotumia undumakuwili na ulaghai.

Kwa Kilatini inaitwa «auriga virtutum – dreva wa maadili», kwa kuwa inatakiwa kuongoza utekelezaji wa maadili mengine yote ikiyaonyesha kanuni na kiasi. Busara ndiyo inayoongoza uamuzi wa dhamiri. Mwenye busara anatenda kufuatana na uamuzi huo. Kwa njia ya busara tunatumia kwa hakika misimamo ya kiadili katika nafasi mbalimbali na kuondoa wasiwasi kuhusu la kutenda^[3].

↑ Prudence - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-webster.com (31 August 2012). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
↑
"Integral parts" of virtues, in Scholastic philosophy, are the elements that must be present for any complete or perfect act of the virtue. The following are the integral parts of prudence:
- Memoria : accurate memory; that is, memory that is true to reality; an ability to learn from experience;
- Docilitas : an open-mindedness that recognizes variety and is able to seek and make use of the experience and authority of others;
- Intelligentia : the understanding of first principles;
- Sollertia : shrewdness or quick-wittedness, i.e. the ability to evaluate a situation quickly;
- Ratio : Discursive reasoning and the ability to research and compare alternatives;
- Providentia : foresight – i.e. the capacity to estimate whether particular actions can realize goals;
- Circumspection : the ability to take all relevant circumstances into account;
- Caution : the ability to mitigate risk.
↑ "McManaman, Douglas. "The Virtue of Prudence", Catholic Education Resource Center". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2020-08-05. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-04-08.

[1] Prudence - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-webster.com (31 August 2012). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.

[2] "Integral parts" of virtues, in Scholastic philosophy, are the elements that must be present for any complete or perfect act of the virtue. The following are the integral parts of prudence:
Memoria : accurate memory; that is, memory that is true to reality; an ability to learn from experience;

Docilitas : an open-mindedness that recognizes variety and is able to seek and make use of the experience and authority of others;

Intelligentia : the understanding of first principles;

Sollertia : shrewdness or quick-wittedness, i.e. the ability to evaluate a situation quickly;

Ratio : Discursive reasoning and the ability to research and compare alternatives;

Providentia : foresight – i.e. the capacity to estimate whether particular actions can realize goals;

Circumspection : the ability to take all relevant circumstances into account;

Caution : the ability to mitigate risk.

[3] Memoria : accurate memory; that is, memory that is true to reality; an ability to learn from experience;

[4] Docilitas : an open-mindedness that recognizes variety and is able to seek and make use of the experience and authority of others;

[5] Intelligentia : the understanding of first principles;

[6] Sollertia : shrewdness or quick-wittedness, i.e. the ability to evaluate a situation quickly;

[7] Ratio : Discursive reasoning and the ability to research and compare alternatives;

[8] Providentia : foresight – i.e. the capacity to estimate whether particular actions can realize goals;

[9] Circumspection : the ability to take all relevant circumstances into account;

[10] Caution : the ability to mitigate risk.

[mcmanaman-3] "McManaman, Douglas. "The Virtue of Prudence", Catholic Education Resource Center". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2020-08-05. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-04-08.

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