Önemli nüfusa sahip bölgeler | |
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![]() | 60-78 milyon[1] [2][3][4][5] |
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Çoğunluk: İslam (Çoğunluk Şiilik,[6][7] azınlık Sünnilik) Azınlık: Dinsizlik, Bahâîlik, Hristiyanlık, Yahudilik ve Zerdüştlük |
Farslar (Eski Farsça: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿,[8][9][10] Farsça: پارسها), Persler veya Osmanlıcadaki tabirle Âcemler (Osmanlıca: عجم[11], Âcem), çoğunlukla İran'da yaşayan İranî bir halktır.
Antik Persler MÖ 9. yüzyılda günümüz İran'ın Fars eyaletine karşılık gelen Persis (Yunanca: Περσίς, Persís; Eski Farsça: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, Parsa) bölgesinde yaşamaktaydılar.[12][13] Persler antik dünya topraklarının büyük bir kısmını kapsayıp önemli kültürel, politik ve sosyal etkiye sahip antik çağın güçlü imparatorluklarını kurmuş ve yönetmiştir.[14][15][16] Bu noktada Fars devletlerinin tarihi kendi dönemine kadar antik çağda kurulmuş en büyük imparatorluk olan Ahamenişler[13] ve Sasaniler şeklinde 2550 yıl öncesine kadar uzanır.[17]
Farsların dili Farsça olmakla birlikte Farsça Hint-Avrupa dil ailesinin İran dilleri koluna bağlı bir Batı İran dilidir. Antik Farsça ve oradan Orta Farsçanın devamı olan Farsçaya ait en eski kayıtlar M.Ö. 1000'li yıllara dayanmaktadır.[18] Bu dilde yazılmış yazılı ve sözlü eserlerden oluşan Fars edebiyatı ise dünyanın en eski ve önde gelen edebiyat geleneklerinden biridir[19][20] ve tarihi önemi olan çok sayıda Fars şâir ve bilge mevcuttur.[21]
İran tarihi dizisinin bir parçası |
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|arşivtarihi=
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The name of Fārs is undoubtedly attested in Assyrian sources since the third millennium B.C.E. under the form Parahše. Originally, it was the "land of horses" of the Sumerians (Herzfeld, pp. 181–82, 184–86). The name was adopted by Iranian tribes which established themselves there in the 9th century B.C.E. in the west and southwest of Urmia lake. The Parsua (Pārsa) are mentioned there for the first time in 843 B.C.E., during the reign of Salmanassar III, and then, after they migrated to the southeast (Boehmer, pp. 193–97), the name was transferred, between 690 and 640, to a region previously called Anšan (q.v.) in Elamite sources (Herzfeld, pp. 169–71, 178–79, 186). From that moment the name acquired the connotation of an ethnic region, the land of the Persians, and the Persians soon thereafter founded the vast Achaemenid empire. A never-ending confusion thus set in between a narrow, limited, geographical usage of the term—Persia in the sense of the land where the aforesaid Persian tribes had shaped the core of their power—and a broader, more general usage of the term to designate the much larger area affected by the political and cultural radiance of the Achaemenids. The confusion between the two senses of the word was continuous, fueled by the Greeks who used the name Persai to designate the entire empire.
Repaying its debt, Sasanian art exported its forms and motives eastward into India, Turkestan, and China, westward into Syria, Asia Minor, Constantinople, the Balkans, Egypt, and Spain.
In 550 B.C. Cyrus (called "the Great" by the Greeks) overthrew the Median empire under Astyages and brought the Persians into domination over the Iranian peoples; he achieved combined rule over all Iran as the first real monarch of the Achaemenid dynasty. Within a few years he founded a multinational empire without precedent—a first world-empire of historical importance, since it embraced all previous civilized states of the ancient Near East. (...) The Persian empire was a multinational state under the leadership of the Persians; among these peoples the Medes, Iranian sister nation of the Persians, held a special position.
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