Rossiyada korrupsiya

Korrupsiya Rossiyada muhim muammo sifatida qabul qilinadi^[1], hayotning turli jabhalariga, jumladan, iqtisodiyot, biznes^[2], davlat boshqaruvi^[3], huquqni muhofaza qilish^[4]^[5], sogʻliqni saqlash^[6]^[7]^[8] va taʼlim sohasida uchraydi^[9]. Korrupsiya fenomeni davlat boshqaruvining tarixiy modelida mustahkam oʻrin olgan va mamlakatda qonun ustuvorligining umumiy zaifligi bilan izohlanadi^[1]. Transparency International 2022-yilda „korrupsiya Rossiyada keng tarqalgan“ deb taʼkidladi va uni 2021-yil uchun korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksida Yevropa davlatlari orasida eng past o‘ringa qoʻyildi^[10]. KorrupsiyaVladimir Putin rejimi ostida kleptokratiya^[11], oligarxiya^[12] va plutokratiya sifatida turlicha tavsiflangan^[13].

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 „New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption“. Voice of America (2020-yil 26-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 16-mart.
↑ „Russia Corruption Report“. GAN Integrity (2020-yil iyun). — „Corruption significantly impedes businesses operating or planning to invest in Russia.“. 2019-yil 20-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-noyabr.
↑ Suhara, Manabu. „Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective“. — „There seems to be general agreement among specialists that corruption is particularly rampant in post-communist Russia.“. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.
↑ Gerber, Theodore P.; Mendelson, Sarah E. (March 2008). "Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing?". Law & Society Review (Wiley) 42 (1): 1–44. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x. https://archive.org/details/sim_law-society-review_2008-03_42_1/page/1.
↑ „Cops for hire“. The Economist (2010-yil 18-mart). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.
↑ Klara Sabirianova Peter. „Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery“. Georgia State University (2010). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.
↑ Klara Sabirianova Peter. „Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery“. Georgia State University (2010). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.
↑ „Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System“. CBS News (2007-yil 28-iyun). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 20-noyabr.
↑ Denisova-Schmidt. „Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine“. Harvard University (2014). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.
↑ „Countering Russia's kleptocrats: What the West’s response to the assault on Ukraine should look like“. Transparency International (2022-yil 4-mart). — „Corruption is endemic in Russia. With a score of just 29 out of 100, Russia is the lowest-ranking country in Europe and a 'country to watch' on Transparency International’s 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index.“. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 1-dekabr.
↑ Fish, M. Steven (April 2018). "What Has Russia Become?". Comparative Politics (New York City: City University of New York) 50 (3): 327–346. doi:10.5129/001041518822704872.
↑ Guriev, Sergei; Rachinsky, Andrei (2005). "The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism". The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association) 19 (1): 131–150. doi:10.1257/0895330053147994. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-perspectives_winter-2005_19_1/page/131.
↑ Åslund, Anders. Russia's Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy. Yale University Press, 7 May 2019 — 5–7 bet. ISBN 978-0-300-24486-1.

[VOA-1] 1,0 ^1,1 „New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption“. Voice of America (2020-yil 26-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 16-mart.

[2] „Russia Corruption Report“. GAN Integrity (2020-yil iyun). — „Corruption significantly impedes businesses operating or planning to invest in Russia.“. 2019-yil 20-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-noyabr.

[3] Suhara, Manabu. „Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective“. — „There seems to be general agreement among specialists that corruption is particularly rampant in post-communist Russia.“. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.

[4] Gerber, Theodore P.; Mendelson, Sarah E. (March 2008). "Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing?". Law & Society Review (Wiley) 42 (1): 1–44. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x. https://archive.org/details/sim_law-society-review_2008-03_42_1/page/1.

[5] „Cops for hire“. The Economist (2010-yil 18-mart). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.

[6] Klara Sabirianova Peter. „Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery“. Georgia State University (2010). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.

[7] Klara Sabirianova Peter. „Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery“. Georgia State University (2010). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.

[8] „Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System“. CBS News (2007-yil 28-iyun). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 20-noyabr.

[9] Denisova-Schmidt. „Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine“. Harvard University (2014). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 4-dekabr.

[10] „Countering Russia's kleptocrats: What the West’s response to the assault on Ukraine should look like“. Transparency International (2022-yil 4-mart). — „Corruption is endemic in Russia. With a score of just 29 out of 100, Russia is the lowest-ranking country in Europe and a 'country to watch' on Transparency International’s 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index.“. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 1-dekabr.

[11] Fish, M. Steven (April 2018). "What Has Russia Become?". Comparative Politics (New York City: City University of New York) 50 (3): 327–346. doi:10.5129/001041518822704872.

[12] Guriev, Sergei; Rachinsky, Andrei (2005). "The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism". The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association) 19 (1): 131–150. doi:10.1257/0895330053147994. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-perspectives_winter-2005_19_1/page/131.

[13] Åslund, Anders. Russia's Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy. Yale University Press, 7 May 2019 — 5–7 bet. ISBN 978-0-300-24486-1.

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