Back إن تي إف إس Arabic NTFS Azerbaijani New Technology File System Bulgarian এনটিএফএস Bengali/Bangla New Technology File System Catalan ئێن تی ئێف ئێس CKB NTFS Czech NTFS Danish NTFS German NTFS Greek
| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Full name | NT File System[2] |
| Introduced | July 27, 1993 with Windows NT 3.1 |
| Partition IDs | 0x07 (MBR) EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (GPT) |
| Structures | |
| Directory contents | B-tree variant[3][4] |
| File allocation | Bitmap |
| Bad blocks | $BadClus (MFT Record) |
| Limits | |
| Max volume size | 264 clusters − 1 cluster (format); 256 TB[a] − 64 KB[a] (Windows 10 version 1703, Windows Server 2016 or earlier implementation)[5] 8 PB[a] − 2 MB[a] (Windows 10 version 1709, Windows Server 2019 or later implementation)[6] |
| Max file size | 16 EB[a] − 1 KB (format); 16 TB − 64 KB (Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier implementation)[5] 256 TB − 64 KB (Windows 8, Windows Server 2012 or later implementation)[7] 8 PB − 2 MB (Windows 10 version 1709, Windows Server 2019 or later implementation)[6] |
| Max no. of files | 4,294,967,295 (232−1)[5] |
| Max filename length | 255 UTF-16 code units[8] |
| Allowed filename characters | |
| Features | |
| Dates recorded | Creation, modification, POSIX change, access |
| Date range | 1 January 1601 – 28 May 60056 (File times are 64-bit unsigned numbers[9] counting 100-nanosecond intervals (ten million per second) since 1601, which is more than 58,000 years) |
| Date resolution | 100 ns |
| Forks | Yes (see § Alternate data stream (ADS) below) |
| Attributes | Read-only, hidden, system, archive, not content indexed, off-line, temporary, compressed, encrypted |
| File system permissions | ACLs |
| Transparent compression | Per-file, LZ77 (Windows NT 3.51 onward) |
| Transparent encryption | Per-file, DESX (Windows 2000 onward), Triple DES (Windows XP onward), AES (Windows XP Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2003 onward) |
| Data deduplication | Yes (Windows Server 2012)[10] |
| Other | |
| Supported operating systems | Windows NT 3.1 and later Mac OS X 10.3 and later (read-only) Linux kernel version 2.6 and later Linux kernel versions 2.2-2.4 (read-only) FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD (read-only) ChromeOS Solaris ReactOS (read-only) |
New Technology File System (NTFS) is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft.[2][1] Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family.[11] It superseded File Allocation Table (FAT) as the preferred filesystem on Windows and is supported in Linux and BSD as well. NTFS reading and writing support is provided using a free and open-source kernel implementation known as NTFS3 in Linux and the NTFS-3G driver in BSD.[12][13] By using the convert command, Windows can convert FAT32/16/12 into NTFS without the need to rewrite all files.[14] NTFS uses several files typically hidden from the user to store metadata about other files stored on the drive which can help improve speed and performance when reading data.[1] Unlike FAT and High Performance File System (HPFS), NTFS supports access control lists (ACLs), filesystem encryption, transparent compression, sparse files and file system journaling. NTFS also supports shadow copy to allow backups of a system while it is running, but the functionality of the shadow copies varies between different versions of Windows.[15]
- ^ a b c Karresand, Martin; Axelsson, Stefan; Dyrkolbotn, Geir Olav (2019-07-01). "Using NTFS Cluster Allocation Behavior to Find the Location of User Data". Digital Investigation. 29: –51–S60. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2019.04.018. hdl:11250/2631756. ISSN 1742-2876. S2CID 199004263.
- ^ a b "Glossary". [MS-EFSR]: Encrypting File System Remote (EFSRPC) Protocol. Microsoft. 14 November 2013.
- ^ "How NTFS Works". TechNet. Microsoft. 8 October 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- ^ "B*Trees - NTFS Directory Trees - Concept - NTFS Documentation". flatcap.org. Archived from the original on 2019-05-13. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
- ^ a b c "How NTFS Works". Windows Server 2003 Technical Reference. 2003-03-28. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
MS-FSA_id_1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Appendix A: Product Behavior". [MS-FSA]: File System Algorithms. Microsoft. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 2012-09-21.
- ^ a b Russon, Richard; Fledel, Yuval. "NTFS Documentation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ^ "SYSTEMTIME structure (minwinbase.h)". Microsoft. October 5, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ Rick Vanover (14 September 2011). "Windows Server 8 data deduplication". Archived from the original on 2016-07-18. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ Custer, Helen (1994). Inside the Windows NT File System. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-1-55615-660-1.
- ^ "NTFS3 — The Linux Kernel documentation". www.kernel.org. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
- ^ "ntfs-3g". www.freebsd.org. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
- ^ "How to Convert a Drive from FAT32 to NTFS without Data Loss". WindowsLoop. 11 July 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ cfsbloggers (July 14, 2006). "How restore points and other recovery features in Windows Vista are affected when dual-booting with Windows XP". The Filing Cabinet. Archived from the original on 2006-07-18. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
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