Nickel silver

Nickel silver, maillechort, German silver,^[1] argentan,^[1] new silver,^[1] nickel brass,^[2] albata,^[3] or alpacca^[4] is a copper alloy with nickel and often zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc.^[5] Nickel silver does not contain the element silver. It is named for its silvery appearance, which can make it attractive as a cheaper and more durable substitute. It is also well suited for being plated with silver.

A naturally occurring ore composition in China was smelted into the alloy known as paktong or báitóng (白銅) ('white copper' or cupronickel). The name German Silver refers to the artificial recreation of the natural ore composition by German metallurgists.^[6]^[7]^[8] All modern, commercially important, nickel silvers (such as those standardized under ASTM B122) contain significant amounts of zinc and are sometimes considered a subset of brass.^[9]

^ ^a ^b ^c Principles of Metallurgy. Forgotten Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-4400-5699-4.
^ Gayle, Margot; Look, David W; Waite, John G (April 1993). Metals in America's Historic Buildings: Uses and Preservation Treatments, Pt. 1, A Historical Survey of Metals, Pt. 2, Deterioration and Methods of Preserving Metals. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resources, Preservation Assistance. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-16-061655-6.
^ Oxford English Dictionary
^ Marks of Berndorf Metalware Factory in Austria – Marks of Alpacca and Alpacca-Silver II Products: an article for ASCAS – Association of Small Collectors of Antique Silver website. Ascasonline.org. Retrieved on 2013-12-19.
^ Tim McCreight, The Complete Metalsmith.
^ Samuel J. Rosenberg. Nickel and its alloys. Vol. Monograph, 106. National Bureau of Standards. p. 8.6.
^ Keith Pinn, Paktong: The Chinese Alloy in Europe
^ Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Gwei-Djen Lu, Tsuen-hsuin Tsien, Dieter Kuhn, Peter J Golas, Science and civilisation in China: Cambridge University Press: 1974, ISBN 0-521-08571-3, pp. 237–250
^ Nickel Silver – retrieved 19 April 2010.

[PoM-1] Principles of Metallurgy. Forgotten Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-4400-5699-4.

[2] Gayle, Margot; Look, David W; Waite, John G (April 1993). Metals in America's Historic Buildings: Uses and Preservation Treatments, Pt. 1, A Historical Survey of Metals, Pt. 2, Deterioration and Methods of Preserving Metals. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resources, Preservation Assistance. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-16-061655-6.

[3] Oxford English Dictionary

[4] Marks of Berndorf Metalware Factory in Austria – Marks of Alpacca and Alpacca-Silver II Products: an article for ASCAS – Association of Small Collectors of Antique Silver website. Ascasonline.org. Retrieved on 2013-12-19.

[5] Tim McCreight, The Complete Metalsmith.

[Rose-6] Samuel J. Rosenberg. Nickel and its alloys. Vol. Monograph, 106. National Bureau of Standards. p. 8.6.

[7] Keith Pinn, Paktong: The Chinese Alloy in Europe

[Joseph_Needham_1974-8] Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Gwei-Djen Lu, Tsuen-hsuin Tsien, Dieter Kuhn, Peter J Golas, Science and civilisation in China: Cambridge University Press: 1974, ISBN 0-521-08571-3, pp. 237–250

[9] Nickel Silver – retrieved 19 April 2010.

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