Back تارا (بوذية) Arabic Тара (будизъм) Bulgarian তারা (বৌদ্ধধর্ম) Bengali/Bangla འཕགས་མ་སྒྲོལ་མ་ལ་བསྟོད་པ། Tibetan Дара Эхэ BXR Tara (budisme) Catalan Tárá Czech Tara (Bodhisattvi) German Tara (budhismo) Esperanto Tara (budismo) Spanish
| Tārā | |
|---|---|
&sq=Apple&lang=en&file=File:Old_Green_Tara.JPG) 13th century Tibetan painting of Green Tara, considered to be the main form of the deity | |
| Sanskrit | तारा
Tārā |
| Chinese | (Traditional) 多羅菩薩 (Simplified) 多罗菩萨 (Pinyin: Duōluó Púsà) 度母 (Pinyin: Dùmǔ) |
| Japanese | 多羅菩薩 (romaji: Tara Bosatsu) |
| Korean | 다라보살
(RR: Dara Bosal) |
| Mongolian | Ногоон дарь эх |
| Tagalog | Tala |
| Thai | พระนางตารา |
| Tibetan | རྗེ་བརྩུན་སྒྲོལ་མ།། |
| Vietnamese | Đa La Bồ Tát Độ Mẫu |
| Information | |
| Venerated by | Mahāyāna, Vajrayāna |
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Tara (Sanskrit: तारा, tārā; Standard Tibetan: སྒྲོལ་མ, dölma), Ārya Tārā (Noble Tara), also known as Jetsün Dölma (Tibetan: rje btsun sgrol ma, meaning: "venerable mother of liberation"), is an important figure in Buddhism, especially revered in Vajrayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism. She appears as a female bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.[1]In the Tantric Buddhism, Tara is a female Buddha who is a consort of Amoghasidhi Buddha. Tārā is also known as a saviouress who hears the cries of beings in saṃsāra and saves them from worldly and spiritual danger.[2]
In Vajrayana, she is considered to be a Buddha, and the Tārā Tantra describes her as "a mother who gives birth to the buddhas of the three times" who is also "beyond saṃsāra and nirvāṇa."[3] She is one of the most important female deities in Vajrayana and is found in sources like the Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa, and the Guhyasamāja Tantra.[4] Key Indic Vajrayana texts which focus on Tārā include the Tantra Which is the Source for All the Functions of Tārā, Mother of All the Tathagatas (Skt. Sarvatathāgatamātṛtārāviśvakarmabhavanāmatantra) and Tārā’s Fundamental Ritual Text (Tārāmūlakalpa).[5][3]
Tārā remains a popular meditation deity (yidam) in Tibetan Buddhism and she is also revered in Newar Buddhism. Tārā is considered to have many forms or emanations, and there are several traditions which list twenty-one Tārās, each with different colors, implements, number of faces and arms and activities such as pacifying (śānti), increasing (pauṣṭika), enthralling (vaśīkaraṇa), and assaulting (abhicāra).[2] The green (or "blue-green", Skt. śyāmatārā) form of Tārā remains the most important form of the deity in the Tibetan tradition.[6][7] A practice text entitled Praise to Tara in Twenty-One Homages is the most important text on Tara in Tibetan Buddhism and is the source for the various traditions which list twenty one forms of Tārā (aside from the main green form).
The main Tārā mantra is the same for Buddhists and Hindus alike: oṃ tāre tuttāre ture svāhā. It is pronounced by Tibetans and Buddhists who follow the Tibetan traditions as oṃ tāre tu tāre ture soha. The literal translation would be "Oṃ O Tārā, I pray O Tārā, O Swift One, So Be It!"
- ^ Buddhist Deities: Bodhisattvas of Compassion
- ^ a b "The Tantra on the Origin of All Rites of Tārā, Mother of All the Tathāgatas / Introduction / 84000 Reading Room". 84000 Translating The Words of The Buddha. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ a b James B. Apple, "Atiśa’s System of Twenty-One Tārās", Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, no. 66, Avril 2023, pp. 424-463.
- ^ Kaur, Gurmeet (January 2022). "Tara in Vajrayana Buddhism: A Critical Content Analysis". Feminist Theology. 30 (2): 210–221. doi:10.1177/09667350211055444. ISSN 0966-7350. S2CID 244052426.
- ^ Beyer (1973), p. 13.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Willson (1996), pp. 124–166.
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