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Tesla Model S

"Model S" redirects here. For the fighter aircraft, see Curtiss Model S.

Tesla Model S
Overview
ManufacturerTesla, Inc.
Production2012–present
Assembly
DesignerFranz von Holzhausen
Body and chassis
ClassExecutive car (E)
Body style5-door liftback sedan
Layout
RelatedTesla Model X
Powertrain
Engine3-phase AC induction motor
Electric motorFront and rear motor combined output up to 615 kW (825 bhp), 1,300 N⋅m (960 lb⋅ft), 3-phase AC induction motor
Transmission1-speed fixed gear ratio (9.734:1 or 9.325:1); direct-drive[1][2]
Battery100 kWh lithium ion
Discontinued: 60, 70, 75, 85, 90 kWh
Electric range320–405 mi (515–652 km) (EPA)
Discontinued
  • 75 kWh: 249–259 mi (401–417 km) (EPA)
  • 85 kWh: 253–272 mi (407–438 km) (EPA), 310 mi (500 km) (NEDC)
  • 90 kWh: 270–294 mi (435–473 km) (EPA)
Plug-in charging
  • Onboard charger
  • 3ϕ 400 V 16 A (Type 2);[3] 1ϕ 85–300 V 48 A (new front fascia variant)
  • Optional charger: 20 kW from 1ϕ 277 V 72 A
  • Dual charger: 21.1 kW from 1ϕ 264 V 80 A and 22 kW from 3ϕ 400 V 32 A; 19.2 kW from 2ϕ 240 V 80 A[4] (old front fascia variant); 16.5 kW from 3ϕ 400 V 24 A (new front fascia variant)[citation needed]
  • Offboard charger
  • Supercharger at 150–250 kW DC
Dimensions
Wheelbase116.5 in (2,960 mm)
Length195.9 in (4,980 mm)
Width
  • 77.3 in (1,964 mm) (ex. mirrors)
  • 86.2 in (2,189 mm) (inc. mirrors)
Height56.5 in (1,440 mm)
Curb weight4,323–4,960 lb (1,961–2,250 kg)[5][6][7]

The Tesla Model S is a battery electric executive car with a liftback body style built by Tesla, Inc. since 2012. The Model S features a battery-powered dual-motor, all-wheel drive layout, although earlier versions featured a rear-motor and rear-wheel drive layout.

Development of the Model S began prior to 2007, under the codename "WhiteStar". The Model S was officially announced on June 30, 2008, and a prototype vehicle was unveiled in March 2009. The Model S debuted on June 22, 2012.[8] A revised, dual-motor, all-wheel-drive version, known as the 60D, debuted on October 9, 2014. The 60D was followed by the 70D, which made dual-motor and all-wheel drive the standard, followed by the 85D, P85D, and P90D. Along with these updates, Tesla offered the Autopilot driving assistance system. The first major design refresh came in April 2016 when the Model S was updated with a new front hood design. In October of the same year, hardware became standard that supports Tesla's Full Self Driving (FSD) capability. As part of the update, integrated standard cameras around the car were added. In February 2017 the Tesla Model S P100D debuted, which included a revised motor and was the first electric vehicle to have an EPA estimated range exceeding 300 miles (483 km). The second major design refresh, codenamed "Palladium", was introduced in June 2021, offering a new "Plaid" performance model, along with a revised interior, powertrain, and suspension.

The Model S became the first electric car to top the monthly new-car-sales ranking in any country, leading twice in Norway, in September and December 2013[9][10][11][12] and in Denmark in December 2015.[13] Sales passed 250,000 units in September 2018.[14][15][16][17] The Model S was the top-selling plug-in electric car worldwide in 2015 and 2016, although it was later surpassed by the Model 3.[18][19][20] Upon its release, the Model S received positive reviews, with praise for its acceleration and range, although initial models received criticism for their high cost and braking issues.

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