Blackshirts

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Voluntary Militia for National Security Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale
Active	23 March 1923 – 8 December 1943
Country	Fascist Italy
Type	Paramilitary, Militia
Size	351,000
Garrison/HQ	Rome
Engagements	Pacification of Libya Second Italo-Ethiopian War Spanish Civil War Italian invasion of Albania World War II Italian campaign
Commanders
Commandant-General	See list
Chief of Staff	See list
Insignia
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The Voluntary Militia for National Security (Italian: Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts (Italian: Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the Arditi, Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.^[1] In 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime, the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded.