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Child mortality

Share of children born alive that die before the age of 5 (2017)[1]
Breakdown of child mortality by cause, OWID

Child mortality is the mortality of children under the age of five.[2] The child mortality rate (also under-five mortality rate) refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births.[3]

It encompasses neonatal mortality and infant mortality (the probability of death in the first year of life).[3]

Reduction of child mortality is reflected in several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Target 3.2 states that "by 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce … under‑5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births."[4]

Child mortality rates have decreased in the last 40 years. Rapid progress has resulted in a significant decline in preventable child deaths since 1990, with the global under-5 mortality rate declining by over half between 1990 and 2016.[3] While in 1990, 12.6 million children under age five died, in 2016, that number fell to 5.6 million children, and then in 2020, the global number fell again to 5 million.[3] However, despite advances, there are still 15,000 under-five deaths per day from largely preventable causes.[3] About 80 percent of these occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and just 6 countries account for half of all under-five deaths: China, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[3] 45% of these children died during the first 28 days of life.[5] Death rates were highest among children under age 1, followed by children ages 15 to 19, 1 to 4, and 5 to 14.[6][7][8]

  1. ^ "Child mortality". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2022-09-14.
  2. ^ "WHO Child mortality and causes of death". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Under-five mortality". UNICEF. December 2021. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
  4. ^ "Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
  5. ^ Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, et al. (December 2016). "Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals". The Lancet. 388 (10063): 3027–3035. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8. PMC 5161777. PMID 27839855.
  6. ^ "Infant, Child, and Teen Mortality". Child Trends. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016.
  7. ^ "A Snapshot of Civil Registration in Sub-Saharan Africa" (PDF). UNICEF. 2017-12-05. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  8. ^ "A Child is a Child: Protecting children on the move from violence, abuse and exploitation" (PDF). UNICEF. 2017-05-18. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2018.

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