Back Chtoniese gode Afrikaans ثونك Arabic Dioses ctónicos AST Хтонични божества Bulgarian Ctònic Catalan Chthonische Götter German Ελληνικές χθόνιες θεότητες Greek Ktona Esperanto Ctónico Spanish Ktoniko Basque
The word chthonic (/ˈθɒnɪk/), or chthonian, is derived from the Ancient Greek word χθών, "khthon", meaning earth or soil. It translates more directly from χθόνιος or "in, under, or beneath the earth" which can be differentiated from Γῆ, or "ge", which speaks to the living surface of land on the earth.[1][2][3] In Greek, chthonic is a descriptive word for things relating to the underworld and can be used in the context of chthonic gods, chthonic rituals, chthonic cults, and more.[4] This is as compared to the more commonly referred-to Olympic gods and their associated rites and cults. Olympic gods are understood to reference that which exists above the earth, particularly in the sky.[5] Gods that are related to agriculture are also considered to have chthonic associations as planting and growing take place in part under the earth.[6]
- ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "A Greek-English Lexicon". Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11.
- ^ Bailly, Anatole (1935). "Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français". Internet Archive.
- ^ "Dictionary by Merriam-Webster". Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- ^ Roberts, Ellie Mackin (2015), "Echoes of the Underworld: Manifestations of Death-Related Gods in Early Greek Cult and Literature", King's College London
- ^ A companion to Greek religion. Daniel Ogden. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4051-8216-4. OCLC 173354759.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Scullion, Scott (1994-04-01). "Olympian and Chthonian". Classical Antiquity. 13 (1): 75–119. doi:10.2307/25011006. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25011006.
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