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Cultured meat

Presentation of the world's first cultured hamburger being fried at a news conference in London on 5 August 2013

Cultured meat, also known as cultivated meat among other names, is a form of cellular agriculture where meat is produced by culturing animal cells in vitro.[1][2][3] Cultured meat is produced using tissue engineering techniques pioneered in regenerative medicine.[4] Jason Matheny popularized the concept in the early 2000s after he co-authored a paper[5] on cultured meat production and created New Harvest, the world's first non-profit organization dedicated to in-vitro meat research.[6] Cultured meat has the potential to address the environmental impact of meat production, animal welfare, food security and human health,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in addition to its potential mitigation of climate change.[3]

The Meat Revolution, a lecture at the World Economic Forum by Mark Post of the University of Maastricht about in vitro meat
A video by New Harvest and Xprize explaining the development of cultured meat and a "post-animal bio-economy" driven by lab-grown protein (meat, eggs, milk)

In 2013, Mark Post created a hamburger patty made from tissue grown outside of an animal. Since then, other cultured meat prototypes have gained media attention: SuperMeat opened a farm-to-fork restaurant, called "The Chicken",[14] in Tel Aviv to test consumer reaction to its "Chicken" burger,[15] while the "world's first commercial sale of cell-cultured meat" occurred in December 2020 at Singapore restaurant 1880, where cultured meat manufactured by United States firm Eat Just was sold.[16]

While most efforts focus on common meats such as pork, beef, and chicken which constitute the bulk of consumption in developed countries,[17] companies such as Orbillion Bio focused on high-end or unusual meats including elk, lamb, bison, and Wagyu beef.[18] Avant Meats brought cultured grouper to market in 2021,[19] while other companies have pursued different species of fish and other seafood.[20]

The production process is constantly evolving, driven by companies and research institutions.[21] The applications for cultured meat led to ethical,[22] health, environmental, cultural, and economic discussions.[23] Data published by the non-governmental organization Good Food Institute found that in 2021 cultivated meat companies attracted $140 million in Europe.[3] Cultured meat is mass-produced in Israel.[24] The first restaurant to serve cultured meat opened in Singapore in 2021.[25] However, cultured meat is not yet widely available.

  1. ^ Gaydhane, Mrunalini K.; Mahanta, Urbashi; Sharma, Chandra S.; Khandelwal, Mudrika; Ramakrishna, Seeram (2018). "Cultured meat: state of the art and future". Biomanufacturing Reviews. 3 (1). doi:10.1007/s40898-018-0005-1. S2CID 85513225.
  2. ^ Datar, I (January 2010). "Possibilities for an in vitro meat production system". Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 11 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2009.10.007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b c De Lorenzo, Daniela (17 March 2022). "Dutch Parliament Approves Cultured Meat Tasting In The Netherlands". Forbes.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  4. ^ Post, Mark (4 December 2013). "Medical technology to Produce Food". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 94 (6): 1039–1041. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6474. PMID 24214798.
  5. ^ Edelman, PD (3 May 2005). "Commentary: In Vitro-Cultured Meat Productionsystem". Tissue Engineering. 11 (5–6): 659–662. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.179.588. doi:10.1089/ten.2005.11.659. PMID 15998207. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  6. ^ Schonwald, Josh (May 2009). "Future Fillet". The University of Chicago Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  7. ^ Gaydhane, Mrunalini K.; Mahanta, Urbashi; Sharma, Chandra S.; Khandelwal, Mudrika; Ramakrishna, Seeram (2018). "Cultured meat: state of the art and future". Biomanufacturing Reviews. 3 (1). doi:10.1007/s40898-018-0005-1.
  8. ^ Post, Mark J.; Levenberg, Shulamit; Kaplan, David L.; Genovese, Nicholas; Fu, Jianan; Bryant, Christopher J.; Negowetti, Nicole; Verzijden, Karin; Moutsatsou, Panagiota (2020). "Scientific, sustainability and regulatory challenges of cultured meat". Nature Food. 1 (7): 403–415. doi:10.1038/s43016-020-0112-z. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  9. ^ Bryant, Christopher J (2020). "Culture, meat, and cultured meat". Journal of Animal Science. 98 (8): skaa172. doi:10.1093/jas/skaa172. ISSN 0021-8812. PMC 7398566. PMID 32745186.
  10. ^ Hong, Tae Kyung; Shin, Dong-Min; Choi, Joonhyuk; Do, Jeong Tae; Han, Sung Gu (2021). "Current Issues and Technical Advances in Cultured Meat Production: AReview". Food Science of Animal Resources. 41 (3): 355–372. doi:10.5851/kosfa.2021.e14. ISSN 2636-0772. PMC 8112310. PMID 34017947.
  11. ^ Treich, Nicolas (2021). "Cultured Meat: Promises and Challenges". Environmental and Resource Economics. 79 (1): 33–61. doi:10.1007/s10640-021-00551-3. ISSN 1573-1502. PMC 7977488. PMID 33758465.
  12. ^ Chriki, Sghaier; Ellies-Oury, Marie-Pierre; Hocquette, Jean-François (2022). "Is "cultured meat" a viable alternative to slaughtering animals and a good comprise between animal welfare and human expectations?". Animal Frontiers. 12 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1093/af/vfac002. PMC 8929989. PMID 35311183.
  13. ^ Hubalek, Sophie; Post, Mark J.; Moutsatsou, Panagiota (2022). "Towards resource-efficient and cost-efficient cultured meat". Current Opinion in Food Science. 47: 100885. doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100885.
  14. ^ Kolyohin, Nick (2 July 2021). "Feature: Israeli cultured meat company aims to redefine industry". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  15. ^ Peters, Adele (5 November 2020). "At the first lab-grown meat restaurant, you can eat a 'cultured chicken' sandwich". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  16. ^ Scully, Matthew (17 January 2021). "Hello Cultured Meat, Goodbye to the Cruelty of Industrial Animal Farming". National Review. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  17. ^ "What is the most consumed meat in the world?". Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  18. ^ "Investors eat up Orbillion Bio's plans for lab-grown Wagyu beef, elk and bison". 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  19. ^ "Lab-grown fish makes a debut in Hong Kong". 29 January 2021. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  20. ^ "Seafood Without The Sea: Will Lab-Grown Fish Hook Consumers?". 5 May 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Future Food - In Vitro Meat". futurefood.org. November 2018. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  22. ^ Chauvet, David J. (2018). "Should cultured meat be refused in the name of animal dignity?". Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. 21 (2): 387–411. doi:10.1007/s10677-018-9888-4. S2CID 254464563.
  23. ^ Rohrheim, A (June 2016). "Cultured Meat". Sentience Politics. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  24. ^ "Cultured meat is now being mass-produced In Israel". Freethink.com. 26 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  25. ^ "Diners enjoy world's first restaurant meal made from lab-grown meat". BBC Science Focus Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.

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