Duodenum

Duodenum
Duodenum
	Image of the gastrointestinal tract, with the duodenum highlighted.
	Diagram of the human duodenum with major parts labelled
Details
Pronunciation	/ˌdjuːəˈdiːnəm/, US also /djuˈɒdɪnəm/
Precursor	Foregut (1st and 2nd parts), midgut (3rd and 4th part)
Part of	Small intestine
System	Digestive system
Artery	Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Vein	Pancreaticoduodenal veins
Nerve	Celiac ganglia, vagus
Identifiers
MeSH	D004386
TA98	A05.6.02.001
TA2	2944
FMA	7206
	Anatomical terminology

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine^[3] in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In mammals it may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine.

In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 centimetres (10–15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the middle part of the small intestine.^[4]^[5] It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the suspensory muscle of duodenum.^[6] Duodenum can be divided into four parts: the first (superior), the second (descending), the third (transverse) and the fourth (ascending) parts.^[5]

^ Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30". Essentials of Human Physiology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24.
^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
^ "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2022-06-07. The first part of the small intestine. It connects to the stomach. The duodenum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.
^ "Duodenum: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2022-06-07. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine. After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas.
^ ^a ^b Nolan, D. J. (2002). "Radiology of the Duodenum". Radiological Imaging of the Small Intestine. Medical Radiology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 247–259. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56231-0_6. ISBN 978-3-642-62993-8. ISSN 0942-5373. duodenum is a C-shaped hollow organ forming an incomplete circle around the head of the pancreas. ...it is normally examined as part of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
^ van Gijn J; Gijselhart JP (2011). "Treitz and his ligament". Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 155 (8): A2879. PMID 21557825.

[1] Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30". Essentials of Human Physiology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24.

[2] Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.

[National_Cancer_Institute-3] "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2022-06-07. The first part of the small intestine. It connects to the stomach. The duodenum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

[MedlinePlus-4] "Duodenum: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2022-06-07. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine. After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas.

[Nolan_2002_pp._247–259-5] Nolan, D. J. (2002). "Radiology of the Duodenum". Radiological Imaging of the Small Intestine. Medical Radiology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 247–259. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56231-0_6. ISBN 978-3-642-62993-8. ISSN 0942-5373. duodenum is a C-shaped hollow organ forming an incomplete circle around the head of the pancreas. ...it is normally examined as part of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

[6] van Gijn J; Gijselhart JP (2011). "Treitz and his ligament". Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 155 (8): A2879. PMID 21557825.

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