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Gagaku (雅楽, lit. "elegant music")[1] is a type of Japanese classical music that was historically used for imperial court music and dances. Gagaku was developed as court music of the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and its near-current form was established in the Heian period (794–1185) around the 10th century.[2][3] Today, it is performed by the Board of Ceremonies in the Tokyo Imperial Palace.
Gagaku consists of three primary repertoires:[2]
- Native Shinto religious music and imperial songs and dance, called Kuniburi no utamai (国風歌舞)
- Vocal music based on native folk poetry, called Utaimono (謡物)
- Songs and dance based on foreign-style music
- A Chinese, Vietnamese and Indian form (specifically Tang dynasty), called Tōgaku (唐楽)
- A Korean and Manchurian form, called komagaku (高麗楽)
Gagaku, like shōmyō, employ the yo scale, a pentatonic scale with ascending intervals of two, three, two, two, and three semitones between the five scale tones.[4] Artistically it differs from the music of the corresponding Chinese form yayue (雅楽) which is a term reserved for ceremonial music.[5]
- ^ Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6
- ^ a b History of gagaku Nihon gagakukai
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
councilwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Japanese Music, Cross-Cultural Communication: World Music, University of Wisconsin – Green Bay
- ^ Benito Ortolani (1995). The Japanese Theatre: From Shamanistic Ritual to Contemporary Pluralism. Princeton University Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0691043333.
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