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Hanbok

Not to be confused with Hanfu.

Hanbok
Hanbok (female and male)
People wearing hanbok
MaterialDiverse
Place of originKorea
IntroducedAt least since Goguryeo period
Hanbok
North Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl조선옷
Hancha朝鮮옷
South Korean name
Hangul한복
Hanja韓服

The hanbok (Korean: 한복; Hanja: 韓服; lit. Korean dress) is a traditional clothing of the Korean people. The term hanbok is primarily used by South Koreans; North Koreans refer to the clothes as chosŏn-ot (조선옷, lit. 'Korean clothes'). The clothes are also worn in the Korean diaspora, especially by Koreans in China.[1][2][3]

Koreans have worn hanbok since antiquity. The earliest visual depictions of hanbok can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea period (57 BC to 668 AD) with roots in the Proto-Koreanic people of what is now northern Korea and Manchuria. The clothes are also depicted on tomb murals from the Goguryeo period (4th to 6th century AD), with the basic structure of the hanbok established since at latest this period.[4] The ancient hanbok consisted of a jeogori (top), baji (pants), chima (skirt), and the po (coat). The basic structure of hanbok was designed to facilitate the ease of movement and integrated many motifs of Mu-ism.[5]

For thousands of years, the hanbok most people wore was pure white with no ornamentation. More ornate hanbok was typically reserved for special occasions such as weddings. For some periods, commoners (seomin) were even forbidden from wearing colorful hanbok regularly.[6]: 104 [7][8] However, in other periods, commoners were not allowed to wear white, including during the Japanese occupation of Korea.

Modern hanbok are typically patterned after the hanbok worn in the Joseon dynasty,[5] especially those worn by the nobility and royalty.[6]: 104 [7] There is some regional variation in hanbok design between South Korea, North Korea, and Koreans in China as a result of the relative isolation from each other that these groups experienced in the late 20th century.[9]: 246 [10] Despite this, the designs have somewhat converged again since the 1990s,[11] especially due to increased cultural and economic exchange after the Chinese economic reform.[12][9]: 246  Nowadays, contemporary Koreans wear hanbok for formal or semi-formal occasions and events such as weddings, festivals, celebrations, and ceremonies. In 1996, the South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism established Hanbok Day to encourage South Korean citizens to wear the hanbok.[13]

  1. ^ Zang, Yingchun (2007). Zhongguo shao shu min zu fu shi. 臧迎春. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5085-0379-0. OCLC 57675221.
  2. ^ "Minority Ethnic Clothing : Korean (Chaoxianzu) Clothing". baoku.gmu.edu. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  3. ^ Korean Culture and Information Service, 2018, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea
  4. ^ The Dreams of the Living and the Hopes of the Dead-Goguryeo Tomb Murals, 2007, Ho-Tae Jeon, Seoul National University Press
  5. ^ a b Flags, color, and the legal narrative : public memory, identity, and critique. Anne Wagner, Sarah Marusek. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 2021. p. 125. ISBN 978-3-030-32865-8. OCLC 1253353500.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  6. ^ a b Passport to Korean culture. Haeoe Hongbowŏn (2009 ed.). Seoul, Korea: Korean Culture and Information Service. 2009. ISBN 978-89-7375-153-2. OCLC 680802927.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ a b Gwak, Sung Youn Sonya (2006). Be(com)ing Korean in the United States: Exploring Ethnic Identity Formation Through Cultural Practices. Cambria Press. ISBN 9781621969723.
  8. ^ Lopez Velazquez, Laura (2021). "Hanbok during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasty". Korea.net. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  9. ^ a b Women entrepreneurs: inspiring stories from emerging economies and developing countries. Mauro F. Guillén. New York: Routledge. 2014. ISBN 978-1-136-32459-8. OCLC 857463468.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :24 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Chang, In-Woo (2006). "Change in Hanbok of South and North Korea after the Division and the Interexchange -Focusing on Women's Jeogori-". Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. 30 (1): 106–114. ISSN 1225-1151.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference :25 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ "한복데이, 전국 5개 도시서 펼쳐진다". 쿠키뉴스 (in Korean). 15 September 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

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