Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people

The indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people (sometimes referred to as Anitism,^[1]^[2] or, less accurately, using the general term animism) were well documented by Spanish missionaries,^[3] mostly in the form of epistolary accounts (relaciones) and entries in various dictionaries compiled by missionary friars.^[3]

Archeological and linguistic evidence^[2]^[4]^[3] indicates that these beliefs date back to the arrival of the Austronesian peoples,^[1]^[5]^[3] although elements were later syncretistically adapted from Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism^[6]^[3] Many of these indigenous beliefs persist today, in syncretic forms discussed by scholars as Philippine variations of folk Catholicism and Islam.^[7]

^ ^a ^b Almocera, Ruel A. (2005). "Popular Filipino Spiritual Beliefs with a proposed Theological Response". In Suk, John (ed.). Doing Theology in the Philippines. Mandaluyong: OMF Literature. pp. 78–98.
^ ^a ^b Demetrio, Francisco R.; Cordero-Fernando, Gilda; Nakpil-Zialcita, Roberto B.; Feleo, Fernando (1991). The Soul Book: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion. Quezon City: GCF Books. ASIN B007FR4S8G.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
^ Odal-Devora, Grace (2000). "The River Dwellers". In Alejandro, Reynaldo Gamboa; Yuson, Alfred A. (eds.). Pasig: The River of Life. Unilever Philippines. pp. 43–66.
^ Benitez-Johannot, Purissima, ed. (2011). Paths of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum Nasional of Indonesia, and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde. Makati City: ArtPostAsia. ISBN 9789719429203.
^ Osborne, Milton (2004). Southeast Asia: An Introductory History (9th ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-448-5.
^ Maggay, Melba Padilla (1999). Filipino Religious Consciousness. Quezon City: Institute for Studies in Asian Church and Culture.

[Almocera2005-1] Almocera, Ruel A. (2005). "Popular Filipino Spiritual Beliefs with a proposed Theological Response". In Suk, John (ed.). Doing Theology in the Philippines. Mandaluyong: OMF Literature. pp. 78–98.

[SoulBook1991-2] Demetrio, Francisco R.; Cordero-Fernando, Gilda; Nakpil-Zialcita, Roberto B.; Feleo, Fernando (1991). The Soul Book: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion. Quezon City: GCF Books. ASIN B007FR4S8G.

[Scott1994-3] Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.

[Odal2000-4] Odal-Devora, Grace (2000). "The River Dwellers". In Alejandro, Reynaldo Gamboa; Yuson, Alfred A. (eds.). Pasig: The River of Life. Unilever Philippines. pp. 43–66.

[BenitezJohannot2011-5] Benitez-Johannot, Purissima, ed. (2011). Paths of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum Nasional of Indonesia, and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde. Makati City: ArtPostAsia. ISBN 9789719429203.

[Osborne2004-6] Osborne, Milton (2004). Southeast Asia: An Introductory History (9th ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-448-5.

[Maggay1999-7] Maggay, Melba Padilla (1999). Filipino Religious Consciousness. Quezon City: Institute for Studies in Asian Church and Culture.

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