The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF, Japanese: 自衛隊; Hepburn: Jieitai), also known as the Japanese Armed Forces, are the unified de facto military forces of Japan. Established in 1954, the JSDF comprises the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. They are controlled by the Ministry of Defense with the Prime Minister as commander-in-chief.
Under the Japanese constitution, which renounces the use of military force and the maintenance of an army, navy or air force, the JDSF are officially limited to internal security and homeland defense, and prohibited from possessing weapons that would increase their "war potential", such as ICBMs, aircraft carriers, and bombers; consequently, they have traditionally only engaged in international peacekeeping operations with the United Nations or limited humanitarian and supporting roles within multinational coalitions. Nevertheless, they are widely regarded as one of the most an advanced and capable armed forces in the world.[9][10]
Since the end of the Cold War, and particularly into the 21st century, increased tensions with North Korea,[11] China, and Russia[12] have reignited debate over the status of the JSDF and their relationship to Japanese society.[13] The JDSF have prioritized greater cooperation and partnership with Australia, India, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as acquiring new equipment and hardware.[14][15][16]
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