Jean Monnet

Jean Monnet
Monnet in 1952
President of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community
In office 10 August 1952 – 3 June 1955
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	René Mayer
Commissioner of the French Plan Commission
In office 3 January 1946 – 11 September 1952
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Étienne Hirsch
Deputy Secretary-General of the League of Nations
In office 10 June 1919 – 31 January 1923
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Joseph Avenol
Personal details
Born	Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (1888-11-09)9 November 1888 Cognac, Charente, France
Died	16 March 1979(1979-03-16) (aged 90) Houjarray, Bazoches-sur-Guyonne, France
Resting place	Panthéon, Paris, France 48°50′46″N 2°20′45″E / 48.84611°N 2.34583°E / 48.84611; 2.34583
Spouse	Silvia de Bondini ​ (m. 1934)​
Profession	Négociant, diplomat, public administrator

Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (French: [ʒɑ̃ mɔnɛ]; 9 November 1888 – 16 March 1979) was a French civil servant, entrepreneur, diplomat, financier, administrator, and political visionary.^[1] An influential supporter of European unity, he is considered one of the founding fathers of the European Union.

Jean Monnet has been called "The Father of Europe" by those who see his innovative and pioneering efforts in the 1950s as the key to establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor of today's European Union.^[2] Although Monnet was never elected to public office, he worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected "pragmatic internationalist".^[3]

For three decades, Jean Monnet and Charles de Gaulle had a multifaceted relationship, at some times cooperative and at other times distrustful, from a first encounter in London during the Battle of France in mid-June 1940 until De Gaulle's death in November 1970. Monnet and De Gaulle have been referred to together as "probably the two most outstanding Frenchmen of the 20th century" (French: sans doute les plus exceptionnels Français du XXème siècle).^[4]

Jean Monnet was the first-ever individual to be designated as an Honorary Citizen of Europe in 1976. On the hundredth anniversary of his birth in 1988, his native country of France honoured Monnet's memory by transferring his mortal remains to the Panthéon in Paris.