Mongol invasions of Korea

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Mongol invasions of Korea
	Part of Mongol invasions and conquests
	; 1235 Mongol invasion of Goryeo
Date	1231, 1232, 1235–1239, 1251, 1254, 1255, 1257
Location	Korean Peninsula
Result	Mongol victory.; Goryeo capitulates in 1259, and becomes a vassal between 1270 and 1356 of the Yuan dynasty
Belligerents
Goryeo	Mongol Empire
Commanders and leaders
Ch'oe U; Pak Seo; Kim Yun-hu; Lý Long Tường; Kim Gyeong-son; Choi Chunmyeong; Dae Jipseong; Lee Jaseong; Chae Song-nyeon; Kim Yun-hu; Lee Sehwa; Hyeon-Ryeo	Ögedei Khan; Möngke Khan; Subutai; Danqu; Putau; Yegü; Teke Qorči; Saritai †; Jalairtai

Mail shirt with attached metal plates, Goryeo, 14th c.

A series of campaigns were conducted between 1231 and 1270 by the Mongol Empire against the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. There were seven major campaigns at tremendous cost to civilian lives, the last campaign made most of Goryeo^[1] a vassal state^[2] of the Yuan dynasty for approximately 80 years. However, rebellion movements existed throughout this time and in 1274, some Goryeo territory existed outside of Mongol control.^[1]

The Yuan dynasty would exact wealth and tributes from the Goryeo kings. Despite submission to the Yuan dynasty, internal struggles among Goryeo royalty and rebellions against Yuan rule would continue, the most famous being the Sambyeolcho Rebellion. A greater amount of "stubborn resistance" was put up by Korea and Song Dynasty towards the Mongol invasions than many others in Eurasia who were swiftly crushed by the Mongols at a lightning pace.^[3]

^ ^a ^b An Illustrated Guide to Samurai History and Culture: From the Age of Musashi to Contemporary Pop Culture. North Clarendon, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing. 2022. p. 11. ISBN 978-4-8053-1659-7.
^ Henthorn 1963.
^ van Derven, H. J. (1 January 2000). Warfare in Chinese History. BRILL. pp. 222–. ISBN 90-04-11774-1.

[:0-1] An Illustrated Guide to Samurai History and Culture: From the Age of Musashi to Contemporary Pop Culture. North Clarendon, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing. 2022. p. 11. ISBN 978-4-8053-1659-7.

[FOOTNOTEHenthorn1963-2] Henthorn 1963.

[Derven2000-3] van Derven, H. J. (1 January 2000). Warfare in Chinese History. BRILL. pp. 222–. ISBN 90-04-11774-1.

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