North Korean standard language

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North Korean standard language
문화어
Native to	North Korea
Ethnicity	Koreans
Era	Second half of the 20th century and 21st century
Language family	Koreanic Korean North Korean standard language
Early forms	Old Korean language Middle Korean language Korean language
Writing system	Chosŏn'gŭl
Official status
Official language in	North Korea
Regulated by	The Language Research Institute, Academy of Social Science (사회과학원 어학연구소)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
IETF	ko-KP

North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ (Korean: 문화어; lit. "cultural language") is the North Korean standard version of the Korean language. Munhwaŏ was adopted as the standard in 1966. The adopting proclamation stated that the Pyongan dialect spoken in the North Korean capital Pyongyang and its surroundings should be the basis for Munhwaŏ. Though this view is supported by some linguists,^[1] others posit that Munhwaŏ remains "firmly rooted" in the Seoul dialect, which had been the national standard for centuries. Thus, while the first group indicate that, besides the large divergence at the level of vocabulary, differences between the North and South Korean standards also include phonetic and phonological features, as well as stress and intonation,^[2] the others consider these differences attributable to replacement of Sino-Korean vocabulary and other loanwords with pure Korean words, or the Northern ideological preference for "the speech of the working class" which includes some words considered non-standard in the South.^[3]