Nuclear power in India

Jaitapur

Chutka

Banswara

Gorakhpur

Kovvada

PFBR

Kaiga

Atomic Power Stations in India (view)

Active plants

Under construction

Planned plants

Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after coal, gas, hydroelectricity and wind power. As of November 2020^[update], India has 23 nuclear reactors in operation in 8 nuclear power plants, with a total installed capacity of 7,380 MW.^[1]^[2] Nuclear power produced a total of 43 TWh in 2020–21, contributing 3.11% of total power generation in India (1,382 TWh).^[3] 10 more reactors are under construction with a combined generation capacity of 8,000 MW.

In October 2010, India drew up a plan to reach a nuclear power capacity of 63 GW in 2032.^[4] However, following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster there have been numerous anti-nuclear protests at proposed nuclear power plant sites.^[5] There have been mass protests against the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project in Maharashtra and the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu, and a proposed large nuclear power plant near Haripur was refused permission by the Government of West Bengal.^[5] A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has also been filed against the government's civil nuclear programme at the Supreme Court.^[5]^[6]

Nuclear power in India has suffered from generally low capacity factors. As of 2021, the lifetime weighted energy availability factor of the Indian fleet is 66.1%.^[7] However, capacity factors have been improving in recent years. The availability factor of Indian reactors was 74.4% in the years 2019–2021.^[8] One of the main reasons for the low capacity factors is lack of nuclear fuel.^{[citation needed]}

India has been making advances in the field of thorium-based fuels, working to design and develop a prototype for an atomic reactor using thorium and low-enriched uranium, a key part of India's three stage nuclear power programme.^[9]

^ "Kudankulam nuclear plant begins power generation". Mumbai Mirror. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
^ "India Installed Capacity" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Home". Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
^ "India eyeing 64,000 MW nuclear power capacity by 2032: NPCIL". The Economic Times. 11 October 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Siddharth Srivastava (27 October 2011). "India's Rising Nuclear Safety Concerns". Asia Sentinel.
^ Ranjit Devraj (25 October 2011). "Prospects Dim for India's Nuclear Power Expansion as Grassroots Uprising Spreads". Inside Climate News.
^ "PRIS - Lifetime factors - Energy Availability". pris.iaea.org. IAEA PRIS. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
^ "PRIS - Last three years factors - Energy Availability". pris.iaea.org. IAEA PRIS. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
^ Pham, Lisa (20 October 2009). "Considering an Alternative Fuel for Nuclear Energy". The New York Times.

[KudankulamComissioning-1] "Kudankulam nuclear plant begins power generation". Mumbai Mirror. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.

[2] "India Installed Capacity" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.

[3] "Home". Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited. Retrieved 8 March 2022.

[4] "India eyeing 64,000 MW nuclear power capacity by 2032: NPCIL". The Economic Times. 11 October 2010.

[nukeindia-5] Siddharth Srivastava (27 October 2011). "India's Rising Nuclear Safety Concerns". Asia Sentinel.

[insideclimatenews1-6] Ranjit Devraj (25 October 2011). "Prospects Dim for India's Nuclear Power Expansion as Grassroots Uprising Spreads". Inside Climate News.

[7] "PRIS - Lifetime factors - Energy Availability". pris.iaea.org. IAEA PRIS. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

[8] "PRIS - Last three years factors - Energy Availability". pris.iaea.org. IAEA PRIS. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

[9] Pham, Lisa (20 October 2009). "Considering an Alternative Fuel for Nuclear Energy". The New York Times.

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