Ruska Roma

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The Ruska Roma (Russian: Руска́ Рома́), also known as Russian Gypsies (Russian: Русские цыгане) or Xaladitka Roma (Russian: Халадытка Рома, romanized: Khaladytka Roma, i.e., "Roma Soldiers"),^[1] are the largest subgroup of Romani people in Russia and Belarus.^[2] Initially known as Ruska Roma, they live mostly in Russia and Belarus, but also in Eastern and Central Ukraine, the United States, France, and Canada. They formed in the Northwestern part of the Russian Empire from Polska Roma who immigrated to the country in the 18th century.

Ruska Roma are divided into territorial subgroups, whose names come from the locality. For example, Pskovska Roma (from Pskov), Smolyaki (from Smolensk), Siberyaki (Siberian), Zabaykaltsi (Transbaikalian) and Bobri (beavers). Furthermore, Ruska Roma are related to Belaruska Roma: they have a common origin and were traditionally called Xaladitka Roma.^[3]

The Ruska Romani language contains Russian, Polish, and German words, as well as some Russian and Ukrainian grammar. Most Ruska Roma are Orthodox Christians.^[2]