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Saraswati

This article is about the Hindu goddess. For the Vedic river, see Sarasvati River. For other uses, see Saraswati (disambiguation).

Saraswati
Goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech and learning
Personification of the Saraswati River
Member of Tridevi and Pancha Prakriti
Painting of Saraswati by Raja Ravi Varma
Other namesSharada, Savitri, Brahmani, Bharadi, Vani, Vagdevi
Sanskrit transliterationSarasvatī
Devanagariसरस्वती
AffiliationDevi, River goddess, Tridevi, Gayatri
AbodeSatyaloka, Manidvipa
Mantra[Hindu]: ॐ ऐं महासरस्वत्यै नमः, om̐ aim mahāsarasvatyaya namaḥ; [Buddhist]: Oṃ hrīḥ mahāmāyāṅge mahāsarasvatyaya namaḥ
SymbolsThe colour white, lotus, veena, Saraswati river, books
DayFriday
MountSwan or peacock
FestivalsVasant Panchami and seventh day of Navaratri
ConsortBrahma

Saraswati (Sanskrit: सरस्वती, IAST: Sarasvatī), also spelled as Sarasvati, is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, flowing water, abundance and wealth, art, speech, wisdom, and learning.[1] She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati.[2][3][4] She is a pan-Indian deity, also revered in Jainism and Buddhism.[5][4]

The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a goddess is in the Rigveda.[6] She has remained significant as a goddess from the Vedic period through the modern period.[7] She is generally depicted with four arms (which hold four symbols: a book, a rosary, a water pot, and a musical instrument called the veena). The festival of Vasant Panchami (the fifth day of spring, and also known as Saraswati Puja and Saraswati Jayanti in many regions of India) is celebrated in her honour.[8] Traditionally, the day is marked by helping young children learn how to write the letters of the alphabet.[9]

This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

In Buddhism, she is venerated in many forms, including the East Asian Benzaiten (辯才天, "Eloquence Talent Deity").[10][11]

  1. ^ Kinsley, David (1988). Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions. University of California Press. pp. 55–64. ISBN 0-520063392.
  2. ^ Encyclopaedia of Hinduism. Sarup & Sons. 1999. p. 1214. ISBN 978-81-7625-064-1.
  3. ^ "Female Hindu deities – the Tridevi - Nature of Ultimate Reality in Hinduism - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - Edexcel". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b Ludvik (2007), pp. 1, 11.
  5. ^ Guide to the collection. Birmingham Museum of Art. Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Museum of Art. 2010. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5. Archived from the original on 14 May 1998.
  6. ^ "Saraswati". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  7. ^ Kinsley, David (1988). Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06339-2.
  8. ^ "Vasant Panchami Saraswati Puja". Know India – Odisha Fairs and Festivals. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014.
  9. ^ "The festival of Vasant Panchami: A new beginning". United Kingdom: Alan Barker. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015.
  10. ^ "5th Annual A World in Trance Festival Jayanthi Kumaresh: Invoking The Goddess Sarawati | TeRra Magazine". 30 March 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  11. ^ Donaldson, Thomas (2001). Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa. pp. 274–275. ISBN 978-81-7017-406-6.

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